<p>The application of quasi-solid ionic thermoelectric (i-TE) cells holds great potential for powering ubiquitous wearable electronics without the need for cables or batteries. However, their practical application is restricted by low thermopower. Herein, a temperature-responsive supramolecular hydrogel, P(N-acryloylsemicarbazide-co-acrylic acid) (PNA), has been developed as a i-TE cell that integrates good mechanical and electrochemical properties. The volume phase transition (VPT) of PNA i-TE cell can generate a substantial ion entropy difference, thereby enhancing both the redox reaction efficiency and ionic thermodiffusion rate. A single PNA i-TE cell can generate a thermopower of 2.04 volts with a temperature difference of 50 K. The Seebeck coefficient (<i>S</i><sub><i>e</i></sub>), specific output power density (<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41467_2025_64054_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="22" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="87" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({P}_{\max }/{(\Delta T)}^{2}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mrow> <mi>P</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>max</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>/</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>T</mi> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) and figure of merit (<i>ZT</i>) of PNA i-TE cell can reach up to 40.9 mV K<sup>−1</sup>, 35.2 mW m<sup>−2</sup> K<sup>−2</sup> and 1.33 respectively. This ionic hydrogel is promising for the design of high performance polymer based i-TE cells in an environmentally friendly and cost-effective manner.</p>

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Phase transition driven tough hydrogel ionic thermoelectric cell with giant thermopower

  • Xiaofang Shi,
  • Yingjie Li,
  • Nan Shi,
  • Chengyu Ji,
  • Lei Hou,
  • Yingkun Shi,
  • Jianyao Xu,
  • Yarong Lan,
  • Qingcong Wei,
  • Guanglei Ma,
  • Peiyi Wu,
  • Zhiguo Hu

摘要

The application of quasi-solid ionic thermoelectric (i-TE) cells holds great potential for powering ubiquitous wearable electronics without the need for cables or batteries. However, their practical application is restricted by low thermopower. Herein, a temperature-responsive supramolecular hydrogel, P(N-acryloylsemicarbazide-co-acrylic acid) (PNA), has been developed as a i-TE cell that integrates good mechanical and electrochemical properties. The volume phase transition (VPT) of PNA i-TE cell can generate a substantial ion entropy difference, thereby enhancing both the redox reaction efficiency and ionic thermodiffusion rate. A single PNA i-TE cell can generate a thermopower of 2.04 volts with a temperature difference of 50 K. The Seebeck coefficient (Se), specific output power density ( \({P}_{\max }/{(\Delta T)}^{2}\) P max / ( Δ T ) 2 ) and figure of merit (ZT) of PNA i-TE cell can reach up to 40.9 mV K−1, 35.2 mW m−2 K−2 and 1.33 respectively. This ionic hydrogel is promising for the design of high performance polymer based i-TE cells in an environmentally friendly and cost-effective manner.