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<p>Organic electro-optic materials have demonstrated promising performance in developing electro-optic phase shifters. Their integration with other silicon photonic processes, nanofabrication complexities, and durability remains to be developed. While the required poling step in electro-optic polymers limits their potential and large-scale utilization, devices made of paraelectric nematic liquid crystals suffer from slow bandwidth. In ferroelectric nematic liquid crystals, we report an additional GHz-fast phase shift that ultimately allows for significant second-order nonlinear optical coefficients related to the Pockels effect. It avoids poling issues and can pave the way for hybrid silicon-organic systems with CMOS foundry compatibility. We report DC and AC modulation efficiencies of &#xa0;≈ 0.25 V&#xa0;⋅&#xa0;mm (from liquid crystal orientation) and &#xa0;≈ 25.7 V&#xa0;⋅&#xa0;mm (from the Pockels effect), respectively, an on-chip insertion loss of &#xa0;≈ 2.6 dB, and an electro-optic bandwidth of <i>f</i><sub>−6dB</sub>&gt;4.18 GHz, employing improved light-matter interaction in a waveguide architecture that calls for only one lithography step.</p>

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GHz-rate optical phase shift in light-matter interaction-engineered, silicon-ferroelectric nematic liquid crystals

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月7日

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  • Iman Taghavi,
  • Omid Esmaeeli,
  • Sheri Jahan Chowdhury,
  • Kashif Masud Awan,
  • Mustafa Hammood,
  • Matthew Mitchell,
  • Donald Witt,
  • Cory Pecinovsky,
  • Jason Sickler,
  • Jeff F. Young,
  • Nicolas A. F. Jaeger,
  • Sudip Shekhar,
  • Lukas Chrostowski

摘要

Organic electro-optic materials have demonstrated promising performance in developing electro-optic phase shifters. Their integration with other silicon photonic processes, nanofabrication complexities, and durability remains to be developed. While the required poling step in electro-optic polymers limits their potential and large-scale utilization, devices made of paraelectric nematic liquid crystals suffer from slow bandwidth. In ferroelectric nematic liquid crystals, we report an additional GHz-fast phase shift that ultimately allows for significant second-order nonlinear optical coefficients related to the Pockels effect. It avoids poling issues and can pave the way for hybrid silicon-organic systems with CMOS foundry compatibility. We report DC and AC modulation efficiencies of  ≈ 0.25 V ⋅ mm (from liquid crystal orientation) and  ≈ 25.7 V ⋅ mm (from the Pockels effect), respectively, an on-chip insertion loss of  ≈ 2.6 dB, and an electro-optic bandwidth of f−6dB>4.18 GHz, employing improved light-matter interaction in a waveguide architecture that calls for only one lithography step.