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<p>High-energy and resource-abundant anode-free sodium metal batteries suffer from limited lifespan owing to dendrite growth and rapid capacity fading at early stages, particularly at high rate and high capacity. Here we report a preliminary surface-passivation strategy by highly fluorinated electrolyte, instantly forming a dense inorganic-dominant primitive solid-electrolyte interphase. Driven by dipole-dipole interaction, the spontaneously formed solid-electrolyte interphase is sufficiently dense to resist solvent decomposition and moisture attack, meanwhile regulating Na plating/stripping at high current densities and areal capacities up to 8 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> and 5 mAh cm<sup>-2</sup>, respectively. The fabricated anode-free batteries demonstrate long-term stability at high cathode loadings (10–15 mg cm<sup>-2</sup>) and high rates (1–3 C), even with moisture contained. Impressively, fast-charging Ah-level anode-free pouch cells deliver energy density up to 150 Wh kg<sup>-1</sup> (0.5 C) based on total cell weight, achieving power density as high as 152 W kg<sup>-1</sup> and long lifespan up to 700 cycles at 1 C.</p>

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Dipole-dipole interaction-induced dense primitive solid-electrolyte interphase for high-power Ah-level anode-free sodium metal batteries

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月29日

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  • Jiawen Huang,
  • Xingguo An,
  • Zhongling Cheng,
  • Laiquan Li,
  • Shi-Xue Dou,
  • Hua-Kun Liu,
  • Chao Wu

摘要

High-energy and resource-abundant anode-free sodium metal batteries suffer from limited lifespan owing to dendrite growth and rapid capacity fading at early stages, particularly at high rate and high capacity. Here we report a preliminary surface-passivation strategy by highly fluorinated electrolyte, instantly forming a dense inorganic-dominant primitive solid-electrolyte interphase. Driven by dipole-dipole interaction, the spontaneously formed solid-electrolyte interphase is sufficiently dense to resist solvent decomposition and moisture attack, meanwhile regulating Na plating/stripping at high current densities and areal capacities up to 8 mA cm-2 and 5 mAh cm-2, respectively. The fabricated anode-free batteries demonstrate long-term stability at high cathode loadings (10–15 mg cm-2) and high rates (1–3 C), even with moisture contained. Impressively, fast-charging Ah-level anode-free pouch cells deliver energy density up to 150 Wh kg-1 (0.5 C) based on total cell weight, achieving power density as high as 152 W kg-1 and long lifespan up to 700 cycles at 1 C.