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<p>The hydrovoltaic effect, based on interactions at the solid-liquid interface, offers a promising route for ion sensing. However, it is hampered by long response times, typically several minutes, due to slow ion diffusion equilibrium in nanochannels. Here, we demonstrate a rapid, flexible hydrovoltaic ion sensing strategy enabled by fast ion transport. Apart from the drag resistance reduction resulting from the ordered nanochannels and gravity elimination along the nanochannel direction, the liquid-driven effect concurrent with low-resistance shear flow at the liquid-liquid transport zone in semi-dry nanochannels are proposed to achieve an open-circuit voltage exceeding 4.0 V within 0.17 s, being two orders of magnitude faster than previous works with infiltration channels. Moreover, the obtained flexible hydrovoltaic device exhibits a wide ion sensing range of 10<sup>−7</sup> to 10<sup>0 </sup>M, a maximum sensitivity up to −1.69 V dec<sup>-1</sup> for NaCl, and distinctive multi-dimensional signals, enabling its application in selective ion sensing and sweat electrolyte monitoring.</p>

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Ion transport-triggered rapid flexible hydrovoltaic sensing

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月29日

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  • Changlei Ge,
  • Mingxu Wang,
  • Yuchen Zhou,
  • Yongfeng Wang,
  • Feijun Zhao,
  • Cunkai Zhou,
  • Jun Ma,
  • Feng Wen,
  • Shuqi Wang,
  • Mengyuan Liu,
  • Shuanglan Wang,
  • Yujie Liu,
  • Hao Shen,
  • Fuqin Sun,
  • Lianhui Li,
  • Ting Zhang

摘要

The hydrovoltaic effect, based on interactions at the solid-liquid interface, offers a promising route for ion sensing. However, it is hampered by long response times, typically several minutes, due to slow ion diffusion equilibrium in nanochannels. Here, we demonstrate a rapid, flexible hydrovoltaic ion sensing strategy enabled by fast ion transport. Apart from the drag resistance reduction resulting from the ordered nanochannels and gravity elimination along the nanochannel direction, the liquid-driven effect concurrent with low-resistance shear flow at the liquid-liquid transport zone in semi-dry nanochannels are proposed to achieve an open-circuit voltage exceeding 4.0 V within 0.17 s, being two orders of magnitude faster than previous works with infiltration channels. Moreover, the obtained flexible hydrovoltaic device exhibits a wide ion sensing range of 10−7 to 100 M, a maximum sensitivity up to −1.69 V dec-1 for NaCl, and distinctive multi-dimensional signals, enabling its application in selective ion sensing and sweat electrolyte monitoring.