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<p>The gut microbiota interacts with dietary nutrients and can modify host feeding behavior, but underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Gut bacteria digest complex carbohydrates that the host cannot digest and liberate metabolites that serve as energy sources and signaling molecules. Here, we use a gnotobiotic mouse model to examine how gut bacterial fructose polysaccharide metabolism influences host intake of diets containing these carbohydrates. Two <i>Bacteroides</i> species ferment fructans with different glycosidic linkages: <i>B. thetaiotaomicron</i> ferments levan with β2-6 linkages, whereas <i>B. ovatus</i> ferments inulin with β2-1 linkages. We find that mice eat relatively more diet containing the carbohydrate that their gut bacteria cannot ferment compared to the fermentable ones: mice colonized with <i>B. thetaiotaomicron</i> consume more inulin diet, while mice colonized with <i>B. ovatus</i> consume more levan diet. Knockout of bacterial fructan utilization genes attenuates this difference, whereas swapping the fermentation ability of <i>B. thetaiotaomicron</i> to inulin confers increased consumption of levan diet. Bacterial fructan fermentation and host feeding behavior are associated with neuronal activation in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. These results reveal that bacteria nutrient metabolism modulates host food consumption through sensing of differential energy extraction, which contributes to our understanding of determinants of food choice.</p>

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Complex carbohydrate utilization by gut bacteria modulates host food consumption

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月25日

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  • Kristie B. Yu,
  • Celine Son,
  • Ezgi Özcan,
  • Anisha Chandra,
  • Jorge Paramo,
  • Andrew Varghese,
  • Alicia Roice,
  • Delanie Finnigan,
  • Franciscus Chandra,
  • Anna Novoselov,
  • Sabeen A. Kazmi,
  • Gregory R. Lum,
  • Arlene Lopez-Romero,
  • Jonathan B. Lynch,
  • Elaine Y. Hsiao

摘要

The gut microbiota interacts with dietary nutrients and can modify host feeding behavior, but underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Gut bacteria digest complex carbohydrates that the host cannot digest and liberate metabolites that serve as energy sources and signaling molecules. Here, we use a gnotobiotic mouse model to examine how gut bacterial fructose polysaccharide metabolism influences host intake of diets containing these carbohydrates. Two Bacteroides species ferment fructans with different glycosidic linkages: B. thetaiotaomicron ferments levan with β2-6 linkages, whereas B. ovatus ferments inulin with β2-1 linkages. We find that mice eat relatively more diet containing the carbohydrate that their gut bacteria cannot ferment compared to the fermentable ones: mice colonized with B. thetaiotaomicron consume more inulin diet, while mice colonized with B. ovatus consume more levan diet. Knockout of bacterial fructan utilization genes attenuates this difference, whereas swapping the fermentation ability of B. thetaiotaomicron to inulin confers increased consumption of levan diet. Bacterial fructan fermentation and host feeding behavior are associated with neuronal activation in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. These results reveal that bacteria nutrient metabolism modulates host food consumption through sensing of differential energy extraction, which contributes to our understanding of determinants of food choice.