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<p>Cherenkov radiation has attracted much attention for promoting the free electron radiation sources. Using hyperbolic metamaterial, Cherenkov radiation can be excited using low-energy electrons and thus on-chip free electron radiation source has been realized. However, direct experimental observations of on-chip free-electron-based Cherenkov radiation have been limited to the visible region, and the tunability has not been thoroughly explored. In this work, by constructing a hyperbolic metamaterial with graphene and hexagonal boron nitride, on-chip, free-electron-based terahertz Cherenkov radiation is observed and the frequency tunable range spans 3.2 to 14 THz in a hundred-micron-scale dimension. Compared with other free-electron terahertz sources, the chip size is over three orders of magnitude smaller, and the tunable range is one of the widest. This work extends the on-chip free-electron-based Cherenkov radiation into terahertz domain, highlighting its tunability and paves the way for further advancements in free electron radiation source.</p>

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On-chip Cherenkov radiation tuning in 3.2-14 THz

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月25日

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  • Tianchang Li,
  • Fang Liu,
  • Yudi Chen,
  • Xiaotong Xiong,
  • Kaiyu Cui,
  • Xue Feng,
  • Wei Zhang,
  • Yidong Huang

摘要

Cherenkov radiation has attracted much attention for promoting the free electron radiation sources. Using hyperbolic metamaterial, Cherenkov radiation can be excited using low-energy electrons and thus on-chip free electron radiation source has been realized. However, direct experimental observations of on-chip free-electron-based Cherenkov radiation have been limited to the visible region, and the tunability has not been thoroughly explored. In this work, by constructing a hyperbolic metamaterial with graphene and hexagonal boron nitride, on-chip, free-electron-based terahertz Cherenkov radiation is observed and the frequency tunable range spans 3.2 to 14 THz in a hundred-micron-scale dimension. Compared with other free-electron terahertz sources, the chip size is over three orders of magnitude smaller, and the tunable range is one of the widest. This work extends the on-chip free-electron-based Cherenkov radiation into terahertz domain, highlighting its tunability and paves the way for further advancements in free electron radiation source.