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<p>Immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) have demonstrated substantial efficacy across various malignancies, yet the benefits of ICBs are limited to a subset of patients. Therefore, it is essential to identify novel therapeutic targets. By integrating multi-omics data from cohorts of patients with melanoma treated with ICBs, a positive correlation is observed between tumor CD137L expression and the efficacy of PD-1 blockade. Functionally, CD137L induction in cancer cells significantly enhances anti-tumor immunity by promoting CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell survival, both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, helicase-like transcription factor (HLTF) is identified as a pivotal transcriptional regulator of <i>CD137L</i>, controlling its expression through phosphorylation of serine at position 398. Therapeutically, the AMPK agonist AICAR (acadesine) as an inducer of <i>CD137L</i>, exhibiting synergistic effects with PD-1 or CTLA-4 blockade. In summary, our findings elucidate a mechanism controlling <i>CD137L</i> expression and highlight a promising combination therapy to enhance the efficacy of ICBs in melanoma. One Sentence Summary: Inducing co-stimulatory immune checkpoint CD137L expression in melanoma cells enhances T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity.</p>

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CD137L promotes immune surveillance in melanoma via HLTF regulation

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月26日

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  • Long Liang,
  • Lin Zhu,
  • Xin Li,
  • Wenbin Zhou,
  • Yanbin Zhang,
  • Mien-Chie Hung,
  • Guanxiong Zhang,
  • Yong Chen,
  • Xinwei Kuang,
  • Juan Su,
  • Jing Liu,
  • Xiang Chen,
  • Hong Liu

摘要

Immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) have demonstrated substantial efficacy across various malignancies, yet the benefits of ICBs are limited to a subset of patients. Therefore, it is essential to identify novel therapeutic targets. By integrating multi-omics data from cohorts of patients with melanoma treated with ICBs, a positive correlation is observed between tumor CD137L expression and the efficacy of PD-1 blockade. Functionally, CD137L induction in cancer cells significantly enhances anti-tumor immunity by promoting CD8+ T cell survival, both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, helicase-like transcription factor (HLTF) is identified as a pivotal transcriptional regulator of CD137L, controlling its expression through phosphorylation of serine at position 398. Therapeutically, the AMPK agonist AICAR (acadesine) as an inducer of CD137L, exhibiting synergistic effects with PD-1 or CTLA-4 blockade. In summary, our findings elucidate a mechanism controlling CD137L expression and highlight a promising combination therapy to enhance the efficacy of ICBs in melanoma. One Sentence Summary: Inducing co-stimulatory immune checkpoint CD137L expression in melanoma cells enhances T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity.