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<p><i>N</i>-Cyano amides are pivotal in agrochemicals, biologically active compounds, and nitrogen-containing heterocycles synthesis. Here, we present an umpolung cyanation strategy for the synthesis of <i>N</i>-cyano amides. By applying the readily accessible <i>O</i>-tosyl hydroxamates as nitrogen electrophiles, direct nucleophilic cyanation can be achieved with trimethylsilyl cyanide (TMSCN) under mild and transition metal-free conditions. This protocol features excellent functional group tolerance, easy scalability, and broad substrate scope (over 70 examples). Moreover, preliminary experimental studies and density functional theory (DFT) calculations support an S<sub>N</sub>2-type mechanism of this reaction. Our work not only provides efficient, robust, and practical approaches to a variety of useful and complex <i>N</i>-cyano amide molecules but also expands the concept and scope of S<sub>N</sub>2-type reaction at the non-anomeric amide electrophilic nitrogen center.</p>

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Reverse polarity of amide nitrogen enables expedient access to N-cyano amides

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月19日

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  • Heng Yang,
  • Xiangke Zhang,
  • Fei-Yang Cao,
  • Yu-Heng Zhang,
  • Yan Pan,
  • Ye-Cheng Wang,
  • Mingji Dai,
  • Jian-Jun Dai

摘要

N-Cyano amides are pivotal in agrochemicals, biologically active compounds, and nitrogen-containing heterocycles synthesis. Here, we present an umpolung cyanation strategy for the synthesis of N-cyano amides. By applying the readily accessible O-tosyl hydroxamates as nitrogen electrophiles, direct nucleophilic cyanation can be achieved with trimethylsilyl cyanide (TMSCN) under mild and transition metal-free conditions. This protocol features excellent functional group tolerance, easy scalability, and broad substrate scope (over 70 examples). Moreover, preliminary experimental studies and density functional theory (DFT) calculations support an SN2-type mechanism of this reaction. Our work not only provides efficient, robust, and practical approaches to a variety of useful and complex N-cyano amide molecules but also expands the concept and scope of SN2-type reaction at the non-anomeric amide electrophilic nitrogen center.