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<p>The role of widespread ilmenite in lunar mare regions in the abundance and diurnal variations of surficial OH/H<sub>2</sub>O remains controversial. Here, we report the water content and hydrogen isotopes in the rims of lunar ilmenites from Chang’e-5 soil samples using an ion microprobe. Ilmenite rims exhibit higher water contents (~730 − 3,700 ppm) and lower δD values (−884 to −482‰) than that of the lunar mantle, indicating a predominantly endogenic origin from solar-wind (SW) implantation. Our data further reveal that although ilmenite and silicate minerals overlap in the δD vs. H<sub>2</sub>O diagram, almost all ilmenites fall above those of silicates with SW-like δD values. This signature is consistent with the drastic difference in vesicle abundance between ilmenite and silicate minerals. Thus, the lower water content in ilmenite rims most likely reflects a faster dynamic equilibrium between SW-hydrogen implantation and outgassing than in other silicates. These findings suggest that ilmenite may play a critical role in the surface water cycle of lunar maria within the Procellarum KREEP Terrane. This is also crucial for assessing the in-situ resource utilization potential of the region, highlighting the need to reevaluate ilmenite as a viable resource for future lunar exploration.</p>

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Widespread ilmenite contributions to the surface water cycle in lunar Procellarum KREEP Terrane

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月15日

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  • Yuchen Xu,
  • Liyu Shan,
  • Heng-Ci Tian,
  • Jialong Hao,
  • Yangting Lin,
  • Christian Wöhler,
  • Lixin Gu,
  • Zhuang Guo,
  • Ruiying Li,
  • Tianxin Zhang,
  • Wei Yang,
  • Yang Liu,
  • Xu Tang,
  • Sheng Gou,
  • Huaiyu He,
  • Yongliao Zou,
  • Xianhua Li

摘要

The role of widespread ilmenite in lunar mare regions in the abundance and diurnal variations of surficial OH/H2O remains controversial. Here, we report the water content and hydrogen isotopes in the rims of lunar ilmenites from Chang’e-5 soil samples using an ion microprobe. Ilmenite rims exhibit higher water contents (~730 − 3,700 ppm) and lower δD values (−884 to −482‰) than that of the lunar mantle, indicating a predominantly endogenic origin from solar-wind (SW) implantation. Our data further reveal that although ilmenite and silicate minerals overlap in the δD vs. H2O diagram, almost all ilmenites fall above those of silicates with SW-like δD values. This signature is consistent with the drastic difference in vesicle abundance between ilmenite and silicate minerals. Thus, the lower water content in ilmenite rims most likely reflects a faster dynamic equilibrium between SW-hydrogen implantation and outgassing than in other silicates. These findings suggest that ilmenite may play a critical role in the surface water cycle of lunar maria within the Procellarum KREEP Terrane. This is also crucial for assessing the in-situ resource utilization potential of the region, highlighting the need to reevaluate ilmenite as a viable resource for future lunar exploration.