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<p>The monkeypox virus (MPXV) outbreak of 2022 caused a human disease with unusual epidemiological and clinical features, notably an increase in human-to-human transmission through sexual contact, predominantly among men who have sex with men (MSM). This evolution underscores the need to reassess prevention and control strategies in the context of a sexually transmitted disease. Here, we show that rectal challenge of male cynomolgus macaques with a 2022 clade IIb MPXV isolate mimics sexual transmission, leading to rectal infection, with systemic and male genital tract dissemination and seminal fluid shedding. Vaccination with modified-vaccinia Ankara (MVA) protected the macaques from subsequent rectal MPXV challenge. However, MVA failed to prevent the disease when administered four days post-exposure to MPXV. These findings have a critical impact on outbreak management and highlight the importance of reevaluating MVA post-exposure prophylaxis protocols.</p>

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Efficacy of modified-vaccinia Ankara vaccine as pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis against monkeypox sexual transmission in non-human primate model

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月7日

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  • Cécile Herate,
  • Audrey Ferrier-Rembert,
  • Francis Relouzat,
  • Anne-Sophie Gallouët,
  • Quentin Pascal,
  • Hélène Letscher,
  • Mariangela Cavarelli,
  • Nathalie Dereuddre-Bosquet,
  • Wesley Gros,
  • Benoit Delache,
  • Sébastien Langlois,
  • Hawa Timera,
  • Fanny Jarjaval,
  • Laetitia Bossevot,
  • Camille Ludot,
  • Catherine Brua,
  • Maxence Lechemia,
  • Olivier Ferraris,
  • Nathalie Silvestre,
  • Roger Le Grand,
  • Jean-Nicolas Tournier

摘要

The monkeypox virus (MPXV) outbreak of 2022 caused a human disease with unusual epidemiological and clinical features, notably an increase in human-to-human transmission through sexual contact, predominantly among men who have sex with men (MSM). This evolution underscores the need to reassess prevention and control strategies in the context of a sexually transmitted disease. Here, we show that rectal challenge of male cynomolgus macaques with a 2022 clade IIb MPXV isolate mimics sexual transmission, leading to rectal infection, with systemic and male genital tract dissemination and seminal fluid shedding. Vaccination with modified-vaccinia Ankara (MVA) protected the macaques from subsequent rectal MPXV challenge. However, MVA failed to prevent the disease when administered four days post-exposure to MPXV. These findings have a critical impact on outbreak management and highlight the importance of reevaluating MVA post-exposure prophylaxis protocols.