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<p>Relaxor ferroelectrics underpin high-performance actuators and sensors, yet the nature of polar heterogeneities driving their broadband dielectric response remains debated. Using a unified, multimodal structural refinement framework— simultaneously fitting complementary X-ray and neutron total scattering, X-ray absorption spectra, and diffuse scattering—we reconstruct 3D mesoscale polarization maps in the classic relaxor system PbMg<sub>1/3</sub>Nb<sub>2/3</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–PbTiO<sub>3</sub>. We uncover self-organized swirling polarization textures with half-skyrmion (meron) vortices, challenging models of independent polar nanoregions. These textures, characterized by smooth changes in the polarization direction, originate from overlapping volumes in which the projections of locally correlated polarization vectors onto each volume’s long axis share the same sign. Vortex cores correlate strongly with local charge and strain gradients imposed by compositional heterogeneities. In this work, our results suggest that chemical disorder, acting via depolarizing and strain fields, stabilizes topological vortex textures of the polarization field, offering a route for engineering new dielectric and ferroelectric functionalities.</p>

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Emergent topological polarization textures in relaxor ferroelectrics

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月13日

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  • Maksim Eremenko,
  • Victor Krayzman,
  • Semen Gorfman,
  • Alexei Bosak,
  • Helen Y. Playford,
  • Philip A. Chater,
  • Bruce Ravel,
  • William J. Laws,
  • Feng Ye,
  • Arianna Minelli,
  • Bi-Xia Wang,
  • Zuo-Guang Ye,
  • Matthew G. Tucker,
  • Igor Levin

摘要

Relaxor ferroelectrics underpin high-performance actuators and sensors, yet the nature of polar heterogeneities driving their broadband dielectric response remains debated. Using a unified, multimodal structural refinement framework— simultaneously fitting complementary X-ray and neutron total scattering, X-ray absorption spectra, and diffuse scattering—we reconstruct 3D mesoscale polarization maps in the classic relaxor system PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3–PbTiO3. We uncover self-organized swirling polarization textures with half-skyrmion (meron) vortices, challenging models of independent polar nanoregions. These textures, characterized by smooth changes in the polarization direction, originate from overlapping volumes in which the projections of locally correlated polarization vectors onto each volume’s long axis share the same sign. Vortex cores correlate strongly with local charge and strain gradients imposed by compositional heterogeneities. In this work, our results suggest that chemical disorder, acting via depolarizing and strain fields, stabilizes topological vortex textures of the polarization field, offering a route for engineering new dielectric and ferroelectric functionalities.