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<p>Horses have inhabited Iberia (present-day Spain and Portugal) since the Middle Pleistocene, shaping a complex history in the region. Iberia has been proposed as a potential domestication centre and is renowned for producing world-class bloodlines. Here, we generate genome-wide sequence data from 87 ancient horse specimens (median coverage = 0.97X) from Iberia and the broader Mediterranean to reconstruct their genetic history over the last ~26,000 years. Here, we report that wild horses of the divergent IBE lineage inhabited Iberia from the Late Pleistocene, while domesticated DOM2 horses, native from the Pontic-Caspian steppes, already arrived ~1850 BCE. Admixture dating suggests breeding practices involving continued wild restocking until at least ~350 BCE, with IBE disappearing shortly after. Patterns of genetic affinity highlight the far-reaching influence of Iberian bloodlines across Europe and north Africa during the Iron Age and Antiquity, with continued impact extending thereafter, particularly during the colonization of the Americas.</p>

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The genomic history of Iberian horses since the last Ice Age

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月2日

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  • Jaime Lira Garrido,
  • Gaétan Tressières,
  • Lorelei Chauvey,
  • Stéphanie Schiavinato,
  • Laure Calvière-Tonasso,
  • Andaine Seguin-Orlando,
  • John Southon,
  • Beth Shapiro,
  • Clément Bataille,
  • Julie Birgel,
  • Stefanie Wagner,
  • Naveed Khan,
  • Xuexue Liu,
  • José María Rodanés,
  • Jesús V. Picazo Millán,
  • Josep Giralt,
  • Natàlia Alonso,
  • Isidro Aguilera,
  • Adriano Orsingher,
  • Angela Trentacoste,
  • Xavier Payà,
  • Marta Morán,
  • María Pilar Iborra Eres,
  • Silvia Albizuri,
  • Silvia Valenzuela Lamas,
  • Imma Mestres Santandreu,
  • Montserrat Duran Caixal,
  • Jordi Principal,
  • Jordi Farré Huguet,
  • Xavier Esteve,
  • Mireia Pedro Pasqual,
  • Nohemi Sala,
  • Adrián Pablos,
  • Patricia Martín,
  • Josep Maria Vergès,
  • Rodrigo Portero,
  • Pablo Arias,
  • Roberto Ontañón Peredo,
  • Cleia Detry,
  • Cristina Luís,
  • João Luís Cardoso,
  • Aren M. Maeir,
  • Maria J. Valente,
  • Elena Grau,
  • Vicent Estall i Poles,
  • Joaquín Alfonso Llorens,
  • Ana Miguélez González,
  • Armelle Gardeisen,
  • Michele Cupitò,
  • Umberto Tecchiati,
  • Daniel G. Bradley,
  • Liora Kolska Horwitz,
  • Esther Rodríguez González,
  • Ariadna Nieto Espinet,
  • Pere Bover,
  • Rosa Ruiz Entrecanales,
  • Ignasi Garcés Estallo,
  • Joaquín Jiménez Fragoso,
  • Sebastián Celestino,
  • Ludovic Orlando

摘要

Horses have inhabited Iberia (present-day Spain and Portugal) since the Middle Pleistocene, shaping a complex history in the region. Iberia has been proposed as a potential domestication centre and is renowned for producing world-class bloodlines. Here, we generate genome-wide sequence data from 87 ancient horse specimens (median coverage = 0.97X) from Iberia and the broader Mediterranean to reconstruct their genetic history over the last ~26,000 years. Here, we report that wild horses of the divergent IBE lineage inhabited Iberia from the Late Pleistocene, while domesticated DOM2 horses, native from the Pontic-Caspian steppes, already arrived ~1850 BCE. Admixture dating suggests breeding practices involving continued wild restocking until at least ~350 BCE, with IBE disappearing shortly after. Patterns of genetic affinity highlight the far-reaching influence of Iberian bloodlines across Europe and north Africa during the Iron Age and Antiquity, with continued impact extending thereafter, particularly during the colonization of the Americas.