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<p>Dioxythiophene-based polymers are electrochromic, effectively converting electric potentials into optical signals through voltage-dependent changes in absorption. The electrochromic property of these π-conjugated polymers can be harnessed to transform miniscule bioelectric signals, such as neuronal action potentials, into optical readouts. To enhance sensitivity, we investigated the impact of backbone and side-chain chemistry of dioxythiophene-based polymers. Among them, P(OE3)-E, a copolymer of oligoether-functionalized 3,4-propylenedioxythiophene with unsubstituted 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene, exhibits the highest electrochromic sensitivity for optical bioelectric potential detection. A crucial factor in optimizing detection sensitivity is aligning the electric potential that triggers the sharpest optical transition in electrochromic polymers with the redox potential of the biological environment. Using P(OE3)-E thin films, we reliably detected field potentials from isolated rat hearts, extracellular action potentials of stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, and spontaneous action potentials of dissociated rat hippocampal neurons. Our results achieved a detection sensitivity of ~3.3 µV with sub-millisecond temporal resolution, matching that of traditional electrode-based recordings while eliminating the constraints of electrode patterning or placement. This work highlights the significant potential of π-conjugated polymers for advancing bioelectric detection technologies.</p>

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Ultrasensitive label-free optical recording of bioelectric potentials using dioxythiophene-based electrochromic polymers

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月23日

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  • Yuecheng Zhou,
  • Erica Liu,
  • Anna M. Österholm,
  • Austin L. Jones,
  • Pengwei Sun,
  • Yang Yang,
  • Ching-Ting Tsai,
  • Tomasz Zaluska,
  • Wei Zhang,
  • Holger Müller,
  • John R. Reynolds,
  • Bianxiao Cui

摘要

Dioxythiophene-based polymers are electrochromic, effectively converting electric potentials into optical signals through voltage-dependent changes in absorption. The electrochromic property of these π-conjugated polymers can be harnessed to transform miniscule bioelectric signals, such as neuronal action potentials, into optical readouts. To enhance sensitivity, we investigated the impact of backbone and side-chain chemistry of dioxythiophene-based polymers. Among them, P(OE3)-E, a copolymer of oligoether-functionalized 3,4-propylenedioxythiophene with unsubstituted 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene, exhibits the highest electrochromic sensitivity for optical bioelectric potential detection. A crucial factor in optimizing detection sensitivity is aligning the electric potential that triggers the sharpest optical transition in electrochromic polymers with the redox potential of the biological environment. Using P(OE3)-E thin films, we reliably detected field potentials from isolated rat hearts, extracellular action potentials of stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, and spontaneous action potentials of dissociated rat hippocampal neurons. Our results achieved a detection sensitivity of ~3.3 µV with sub-millisecond temporal resolution, matching that of traditional electrode-based recordings while eliminating the constraints of electrode patterning or placement. This work highlights the significant potential of π-conjugated polymers for advancing bioelectric detection technologies.