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<p>Incidence of type 1 diabetes is increasing globally, which is hypothesized to be due to environmental influences. We leverage Swedish nationwide registers linked to all children (<i>n</i> = 2,928,704) born in 1982–2010 to investigate if the heritability of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes has changed over time and how alterations in environmental factors have contributed to the rising type 1 diabetes incidence. The heritability is estimated at 0.83 (95% confidence interval: 0.79, 0.86) and stable over the observation period (0.80 [0.71, 0.86] in 1982, 0.83 [0.79, 0.86] in 2000, and 0·83 [0.79, 0.86] in 2010, respectively). Environmental factors including maternal smoking during pregnancy and childhood adiposity explain &lt;10% of the increasing type 1 diabetes incidence. In this work, the heritability of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes has remained high and stable over the last 30 years. Our findings indicate that the available environmental factors are not the major contributors to the rise in type 1 diabetes in Sweden.</p>

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Stable heritability of type 1 diabetes in a Swedish Nationwide Cohort Study

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月17日

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  • Yuxia Wei,
  • Tomas Andersson,
  • Shengxin Liu,
  • Maria Feychting,
  • Ralf Kuja-Halkola,
  • Sofia Carlsson

摘要

Incidence of type 1 diabetes is increasing globally, which is hypothesized to be due to environmental influences. We leverage Swedish nationwide registers linked to all children (n = 2,928,704) born in 1982–2010 to investigate if the heritability of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes has changed over time and how alterations in environmental factors have contributed to the rising type 1 diabetes incidence. The heritability is estimated at 0.83 (95% confidence interval: 0.79, 0.86) and stable over the observation period (0.80 [0.71, 0.86] in 1982, 0.83 [0.79, 0.86] in 2000, and 0·83 [0.79, 0.86] in 2010, respectively). Environmental factors including maternal smoking during pregnancy and childhood adiposity explain <10% of the increasing type 1 diabetes incidence. In this work, the heritability of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes has remained high and stable over the last 30 years. Our findings indicate that the available environmental factors are not the major contributors to the rise in type 1 diabetes in Sweden.