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<p>Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) can address the demand for enhanced hardware security. Vertical NAND (V-NAND) flash memory is the most commercialized non-volatile memory. However, it has been optimized to reduce cell-to-cell variation for stable data storage, which presents challenges for its application as a PUF, as PUFs inherently rely on such variations. Here, we propose a concealable PUF using V-NAND flash memory by generating PUF data through weak Gate-Induced-Drain-Leakage (GIDL) erase. The differences in doping depth among V-NAND strings arising from the fabrication cause variations in GIDL erase performance. The resulting V-NAND PUF demonstrated ideal security characteristics while maintaining 100% accuracy under variations in read count and temperature. Concealment is achieved by overwriting the PUF data with other data, and perfect conceal-reveal characteristics are maintained over 10<sup>2</sup> cycles. Concealable V-NAND PUF not only prevents attacks when the PUF is not in use but also allows the memory to be utilized as storage.</p>

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Concealable physical unclonable functions using vertical NAND flash memory

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月3日

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  • Sung-Ho Park,
  • Ryun-Han Koo,
  • Yeongheon Yang,
  • Jiseong Im,
  • Jonghyun Ko,
  • Jong-Ho Lee

摘要

Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) can address the demand for enhanced hardware security. Vertical NAND (V-NAND) flash memory is the most commercialized non-volatile memory. However, it has been optimized to reduce cell-to-cell variation for stable data storage, which presents challenges for its application as a PUF, as PUFs inherently rely on such variations. Here, we propose a concealable PUF using V-NAND flash memory by generating PUF data through weak Gate-Induced-Drain-Leakage (GIDL) erase. The differences in doping depth among V-NAND strings arising from the fabrication cause variations in GIDL erase performance. The resulting V-NAND PUF demonstrated ideal security characteristics while maintaining 100% accuracy under variations in read count and temperature. Concealment is achieved by overwriting the PUF data with other data, and perfect conceal-reveal characteristics are maintained over 102 cycles. Concealable V-NAND PUF not only prevents attacks when the PUF is not in use but also allows the memory to be utilized as storage.