<p>Solid-state electrolytes have the great potential to achieve high-voltage and durable zinc-based batteries, but their effectiveness is limited by inferior ionic conductivity and large interfacial voltage polarization. Here, a nonflammable solid-state eutectic electrolyte is prepared in situ by cross-linking polymerization of ternary eutectic electrolyte with ethoxylated trimethylpropane triacrylate. Thanks to the intermolecular interaction among the deep eutectic solvents and polymer skeleton, the solid-state eutectic electrolyte possesses satisfactory room-temperature ionic conductivity of 3.94 × 10<sup>-3</sup> S cm<sup>-1</sup>. It enables the symmetric batteries with 80% Zn utilization operating stably at high current density of 8.0 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> for 1700 h, exceeding all non-aqueous and most aqueous zinc batteries. More importantly, due to solvation structure regulation, the solid-state eutectic electrolyte is found to elevate discharge voltage plateau to 2.1 V in Zn full batteries, and presents favorable rate performance and cyclic stability at 25<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41467_2025_60125_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="13" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="19" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\pm\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mo>±</mo> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>1 °C.</p>

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Solid-state eutectic electrolyte via solvation regulation for voltage-elevated and deep-reversible Zn batteries

  • Wei Ling,
  • Funian Mo,
  • Xiongwei Wu,
  • Xianxiang Zeng,
  • Jian Xiong,
  • Yan Huang

摘要

Solid-state electrolytes have the great potential to achieve high-voltage and durable zinc-based batteries, but their effectiveness is limited by inferior ionic conductivity and large interfacial voltage polarization. Here, a nonflammable solid-state eutectic electrolyte is prepared in situ by cross-linking polymerization of ternary eutectic electrolyte with ethoxylated trimethylpropane triacrylate. Thanks to the intermolecular interaction among the deep eutectic solvents and polymer skeleton, the solid-state eutectic electrolyte possesses satisfactory room-temperature ionic conductivity of 3.94 × 10-3 S cm-1. It enables the symmetric batteries with 80% Zn utilization operating stably at high current density of 8.0 mA cm-2 for 1700 h, exceeding all non-aqueous and most aqueous zinc batteries. More importantly, due to solvation structure regulation, the solid-state eutectic electrolyte is found to elevate discharge voltage plateau to 2.1 V in Zn full batteries, and presents favorable rate performance and cyclic stability at 25 \(\pm\) ± 1 °C.