<p>In recent years, thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) has attracted intense attention owing to its straightforward application to high-efficiency organic light-emitting diodes. Further, to develop high-performance TADF materials, many researchers have designed novel molecules that have a small energy gap between the lowest excited singlet and triplet states (<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41467_2025_59910_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="44" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Delta {E}_{{ST}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <msub> <mrow> <mi>E</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>S</mi> <mi>T</mi> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>), and detailed analysis suggests a significant contribution of higher-lying excited states for spin flipping processes. In this study, we demonstrate a peculiar thermal behaviour of emission decay of a donor–acceptor type TADF molecule, <b>TMCz-BO</b>, which seems like thermal deactivation of delayed fluorescence that can be explained without a negative <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41467_2025_59910_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="44" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Delta {E}_{{ST}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <msub> <mrow> <mi>E</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>S</mi> <mi>T</mi> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> by comprehensive kinetic analysis across various temperatures and solvents. While the activation energy has previously been treated as being temperature-independent, we stress that it should be a dynamic parameter affected by changing the solvent-solute interaction with the environmental temperature, especially in the case of a small energy gap.</p>

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Temperature dependency of energy shift of excitonic states in a donor–acceptor type TADF molecule

  • Youichi Tsuchiya,
  • Keito Mizukoshi,
  • Masaki Saigo,
  • Tomohiro Ryu,
  • Keiko Kusuhara,
  • Kiyoshi Miyata,
  • Ken Onda,
  • Chihaya Adachi

摘要

In recent years, thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) has attracted intense attention owing to its straightforward application to high-efficiency organic light-emitting diodes. Further, to develop high-performance TADF materials, many researchers have designed novel molecules that have a small energy gap between the lowest excited singlet and triplet states ( \(\Delta {E}_{{ST}}\) Δ E S T ), and detailed analysis suggests a significant contribution of higher-lying excited states for spin flipping processes. In this study, we demonstrate a peculiar thermal behaviour of emission decay of a donor–acceptor type TADF molecule, TMCz-BO, which seems like thermal deactivation of delayed fluorescence that can be explained without a negative \(\Delta {E}_{{ST}}\) Δ E S T by comprehensive kinetic analysis across various temperatures and solvents. While the activation energy has previously been treated as being temperature-independent, we stress that it should be a dynamic parameter affected by changing the solvent-solute interaction with the environmental temperature, especially in the case of a small energy gap.