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<p>Campi Flegrei is an active caldera in a populated area, currently experiencing significant ground uplift and seismicity. Leveraging seismicity relocations, here we obtain high resolution, 3D P- and S-wave seismic images which we combine with a tailored rock physics experiment to define key features of the caldera’s structure: gas-rich reservoir below 2 km depth, deformed caprock at 1–2 km depth, and basement below 3.5 km depth. Seismicity migrates downwards from the caprock and changes in stress loading trigger deeper, higher events along the inner-caldera boundary faults. The reservoir closely correlates the area of maximum uplift, where deformation acceleration due to pore-fluid pressure is corroborated by laboratory experiments using site-relevant rock. The interaction between the pressurized gas-reservoir and the confining caprock drives the ground uplift. Our results indicate that seismic activity and the potential for a phreatic explosion should be considered as plausible scenarios, prompting a re-evaluation of the hazard assessment.</p>

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3D structure and dynamics of Campi Flegrei enhance multi-hazard assessment

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月23日

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  • G. De Landro,
  • T. Vanorio,
  • T. Muzellec,
  • G. Russo,
  • A. Lomax,
  • J. Virieux,
  • A. Zollo

摘要

Campi Flegrei is an active caldera in a populated area, currently experiencing significant ground uplift and seismicity. Leveraging seismicity relocations, here we obtain high resolution, 3D P- and S-wave seismic images which we combine with a tailored rock physics experiment to define key features of the caldera’s structure: gas-rich reservoir below 2 km depth, deformed caprock at 1–2 km depth, and basement below 3.5 km depth. Seismicity migrates downwards from the caprock and changes in stress loading trigger deeper, higher events along the inner-caldera boundary faults. The reservoir closely correlates the area of maximum uplift, where deformation acceleration due to pore-fluid pressure is corroborated by laboratory experiments using site-relevant rock. The interaction between the pressurized gas-reservoir and the confining caprock drives the ground uplift. Our results indicate that seismic activity and the potential for a phreatic explosion should be considered as plausible scenarios, prompting a re-evaluation of the hazard assessment.