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<p>Phosphorus (P) availability is vital for global primary productivity, yet it is often immobilized in soils by redox-inert crystalline iron (oxy)hydroxides. Here we show that diel radial oxygen loss (ROL) from plant roots induces redox fluctuations in the rhizosphere, activating these iron minerals and enhancing P mobilization. Nighttime reduction and daytime oxidation drive the formation of reactive metastable iron phases (RMPs) on root surfaces, forming a redox-active iron plaque. These RMPs undergo rapid dissolution–reformation cycles, facilitating P transfer from soil to porewater for plant uptake. Using multiple aquatic plants from agriculturally developed regions, we demonstrate that ROL broadly enhances soil P availability. In rice paddies, ROL-activated P release accounts for 8.7% of global P fertilizer input, contributing an estimated economic value of USD 0.52 billion annually. Our findings uncover a previously overlooked redox mechanism by which plants enhance P acquisition, with broad implications for nutrient cycling and agricultural sustainability.</p>

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Rhythmic radial oxygen loss enhances soil phosphorus bioavailability

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月13日

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  • Cai Li,
  • Hu Sheng,
  • Mengxi Tan,
  • Hengyi Dai,
  • Xiaolong Wang,
  • Huacheng Xu,
  • Shiming Ding,
  • Guoqiang Zhao

摘要

Phosphorus (P) availability is vital for global primary productivity, yet it is often immobilized in soils by redox-inert crystalline iron (oxy)hydroxides. Here we show that diel radial oxygen loss (ROL) from plant roots induces redox fluctuations in the rhizosphere, activating these iron minerals and enhancing P mobilization. Nighttime reduction and daytime oxidation drive the formation of reactive metastable iron phases (RMPs) on root surfaces, forming a redox-active iron plaque. These RMPs undergo rapid dissolution–reformation cycles, facilitating P transfer from soil to porewater for plant uptake. Using multiple aquatic plants from agriculturally developed regions, we demonstrate that ROL broadly enhances soil P availability. In rice paddies, ROL-activated P release accounts for 8.7% of global P fertilizer input, contributing an estimated economic value of USD 0.52 billion annually. Our findings uncover a previously overlooked redox mechanism by which plants enhance P acquisition, with broad implications for nutrient cycling and agricultural sustainability.