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<p>The nervous system coordinates with the immune system to detect and respond to harmful stimuli. Inflammation is a universal response to injury and infection that involves the release of cytokines. While it is known that information about cytokines is transmitted from the body to the brain, how the nervous system encodes specific cytokines in the form of neural activity is not well understood. Using in vivo calcium imaging, we show that vagal sensory neurons within the nodose ganglia exhibit distinct real-time neuronal responses to inflammatory cytokines. Some neurons respond selectively to individual cytokines, while others encode multiple cytokines with distinct activity patterns. In male mice with induced colitis, inflammation increased the baseline activity of these neurons but decreased responsiveness to specific cytokines, reflecting altered neural excitability. Transcriptomic analysis of vagal ganglia from colitis mice revealed downregulation of cytokine signaling pathways, while neuronal activity pathways were upregulated. Thus, nodose ganglia neurons perform real-time encoding of cytokines at the first neural station in a body-brain axis, providing a new framework for studying the dynamic nature of neuroimmune communication.</p>

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Neural representation of cytokines by vagal sensory neurons

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月24日

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  • Tomás S. Huerta,
  • Adrian C. Chen,
  • Saher Chaudhry,
  • Aisling Tynan,
  • Timothy Morgan,
  • Kicheon Park,
  • Richard Adamovich-Zeitlin,
  • Bilal Haider,
  • Jian Hua Li,
  • Mitali Nagpal,
  • Stavros Zanos,
  • Valentin A. Pavlov,
  • Michael Brines,
  • Theodoros P. Zanos,
  • Sangeeta S. Chavan,
  • Kevin J. Tracey,
  • Eric H. Chang

摘要

The nervous system coordinates with the immune system to detect and respond to harmful stimuli. Inflammation is a universal response to injury and infection that involves the release of cytokines. While it is known that information about cytokines is transmitted from the body to the brain, how the nervous system encodes specific cytokines in the form of neural activity is not well understood. Using in vivo calcium imaging, we show that vagal sensory neurons within the nodose ganglia exhibit distinct real-time neuronal responses to inflammatory cytokines. Some neurons respond selectively to individual cytokines, while others encode multiple cytokines with distinct activity patterns. In male mice with induced colitis, inflammation increased the baseline activity of these neurons but decreased responsiveness to specific cytokines, reflecting altered neural excitability. Transcriptomic analysis of vagal ganglia from colitis mice revealed downregulation of cytokine signaling pathways, while neuronal activity pathways were upregulated. Thus, nodose ganglia neurons perform real-time encoding of cytokines at the first neural station in a body-brain axis, providing a new framework for studying the dynamic nature of neuroimmune communication.