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<p>Carbon capture and storage (CCS) has substantial potential for deep decarbonization of the steel sector. However, long-term transformations within this sector lead to significant changes in steel units, posing challenges for CCS deployment. Here, we integrate sector-level transformation pathways by 2060 to simulate the distribution of China’s steel units and generate optimal CCS deployment schemes using a source-sink matching model. Results indicate that CCS accounts for 31.4-40.7% of carbon mitigation effects in China’s steel sector by 2060. Following the sector-level pathways, over 650 steel units will either be eliminated or retrofitted. The optimal CCS deployment schemes can achieve carbon mitigation effects of 472.4-609.6 Mt at levelized costs of 187.4-193.5 Chinese Yuan t<sup>−1</sup> CO<sub>2</sub>, demonstrating cost-effectiveness under future carbon price levels. Nevertheless, the proposed schemes will lead to energy and water consumption of 951.0-1427.3 PJ and 1.60-1.69 million&#xa0;m<sup>3</sup>, respectively, posing a risk of resource scarcity. These insights inform the development of CCS implementation strategies in China’s steel sector and beyond, promoting deep decarbonization throughout society.</p>

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Long-term transformation in China’s steel sector for carbon capture and storage technology deployment

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月7日

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  • Yihan Wang,
  • Zongguo Wen,
  • Mao Xu,
  • Christian Doh Dinga

摘要

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) has substantial potential for deep decarbonization of the steel sector. However, long-term transformations within this sector lead to significant changes in steel units, posing challenges for CCS deployment. Here, we integrate sector-level transformation pathways by 2060 to simulate the distribution of China’s steel units and generate optimal CCS deployment schemes using a source-sink matching model. Results indicate that CCS accounts for 31.4-40.7% of carbon mitigation effects in China’s steel sector by 2060. Following the sector-level pathways, over 650 steel units will either be eliminated or retrofitted. The optimal CCS deployment schemes can achieve carbon mitigation effects of 472.4-609.6 Mt at levelized costs of 187.4-193.5 Chinese Yuan t−1 CO2, demonstrating cost-effectiveness under future carbon price levels. Nevertheless, the proposed schemes will lead to energy and water consumption of 951.0-1427.3 PJ and 1.60-1.69 million m3, respectively, posing a risk of resource scarcity. These insights inform the development of CCS implementation strategies in China’s steel sector and beyond, promoting deep decarbonization throughout society.