<p>Aqueous zinc batteries are attractive for large-scale energy storage due to their inherent safety and sustainability. However, their widespread application has been constrained by limited energy density, underscoring a high demand of advanced cathodes with large capacity and high redox potential. Here, we report a reversible high-capacity six-electron-conversion Se cathode undergoing a ZnSe↔Se↔SeCl<sub>4</sub> reaction, with Br<sup>−</sup>/Br<sub>n</sub><sup>−</sup> redox couple effectively stabilizes the Zn | |Se cell. This Se conversion, initiated in a ZnCl<sub>2</sub>-based hydrogel electrolyte, presents rapid capacity decay (from 1937.3 to 394.1 mAh g<sub>Se</sub><sup>−1</sup> after only 50 cycles at 0.5 A g<sub>Se</sub><sup>−1</sup>) primarily due to the dissolution of SeCl<sub>4</sub> and its subsequent migration to the Zn anode, resulting in dead Se passivation. To address this, we incorporate the Br<sup>−</sup>/Br<sub>n</sub><sup>−</sup> redox couple into the Zn | |Se cell by introducing bromide salt as an electrolyte additive. The generated Br<sub>n</sub><sup>−</sup> species acts as a dead-Se revitalizer by reacting with Se passivation on the Zn anode and regenerating active Se for the cathode reaction. Consequently, the cycling stability of the Zn | |Se cell is improved, maintaining 1246.8 mAh g<sub>Se</sub><sup>−1</sup> after 50 cycles. Moreover, the Zn | |Se cell exhibits a specific capacity of 2077.6 mAh g<sub>Se</sub><sup>−1</sup> and specific energy of 404.2 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup> based on the overall cell reaction.</p>

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Six-electron-conversion selenium cathodes stabilized by dead-selenium revitalizer for aqueous zinc batteries

  • Jingwei Du,
  • Jiaxu Zhang,
  • Xingyuan Chu,
  • Hao Xu,
  • Yirong Zhao,
  • Markus Löffler,
  • Gang Wang,
  • Dongqi Li,
  • Quanquan Guo,
  • Ahiud Morag,
  • Jie Du,
  • Jianxin Zou,
  • Daria Mikhailova,
  • Vlastimil Mazánek,
  • Zdeněk Sofer,
  • Xinliang Feng,
  • Minghao Yu

摘要

Aqueous zinc batteries are attractive for large-scale energy storage due to their inherent safety and sustainability. However, their widespread application has been constrained by limited energy density, underscoring a high demand of advanced cathodes with large capacity and high redox potential. Here, we report a reversible high-capacity six-electron-conversion Se cathode undergoing a ZnSe↔Se↔SeCl4 reaction, with Br/Brn redox couple effectively stabilizes the Zn | |Se cell. This Se conversion, initiated in a ZnCl2-based hydrogel electrolyte, presents rapid capacity decay (from 1937.3 to 394.1 mAh gSe−1 after only 50 cycles at 0.5 A gSe−1) primarily due to the dissolution of SeCl4 and its subsequent migration to the Zn anode, resulting in dead Se passivation. To address this, we incorporate the Br/Brn redox couple into the Zn | |Se cell by introducing bromide salt as an electrolyte additive. The generated Brn species acts as a dead-Se revitalizer by reacting with Se passivation on the Zn anode and regenerating active Se for the cathode reaction. Consequently, the cycling stability of the Zn | |Se cell is improved, maintaining 1246.8 mAh gSe−1 after 50 cycles. Moreover, the Zn | |Se cell exhibits a specific capacity of 2077.6 mAh gSe−1 and specific energy of 404.2 Wh kg−1 based on the overall cell reaction.