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<p>Altering surface chemistry of functional materials is an attractive route to enable large property enhancements without sacrificing overall structural-order, appealing to diverse fields of application sciences; however, the same remains unexplored for organic crystalline materials. Herein, piezoelectricity in pharmaceutical crystals is reported to show colossal surface charges driven by mechanical fracture — where a collection of dipoles arranged in polar head-to-tail fashion generates opposite surface charges on freshly fractured faces — causing them to actuate large distances over 75 µm in milliseconds. Kelvin probe force microscopy is leveraged to show many-fold surface potential enhancement in fractured surfaces relative to the pristine crystals. Further, complementarity of the surface potentials in a pair of fractured crystal&#xa0;shards and asymptotic decay behaviour with time are observed. Newly formed surfaces&#xa0;of the pharmaceutical crystals show long-lasting charges despite their relatively lower piezo-response confirmed by bulk piezometry. To establish the generality of surface phenomena, statistical analyses (≈50 samples) of post-fracture-attraction behaviour of crystals are performed. Finally, the application of fracture-driven surface charges in industrial processes is achieved by investigating flow-property and tablet-strength of bulk pharmaceutical materials. This multiscale approach unveils the symmetry-dependency of surface charges in fractured materials, and probes the same for utilisation in bulk-property engineering.</p>

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Structural origin of fracture-induced surface charges in piezoelectric pharmaceutical crystals for engineering bulk properties

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月25日

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  • Kaustav Das,
  • Ishita Ghosh,
  • Soumalya Chakraborty,
  • Amritha G. Nambiar,
  • Sourav Maji,
  • Sumanta K. Karan,
  • Dinesh Kumar,
  • Arvind K. Bansal,
  • C. Malla Reddy

摘要

Altering surface chemistry of functional materials is an attractive route to enable large property enhancements without sacrificing overall structural-order, appealing to diverse fields of application sciences; however, the same remains unexplored for organic crystalline materials. Herein, piezoelectricity in pharmaceutical crystals is reported to show colossal surface charges driven by mechanical fracture — where a collection of dipoles arranged in polar head-to-tail fashion generates opposite surface charges on freshly fractured faces — causing them to actuate large distances over 75 µm in milliseconds. Kelvin probe force microscopy is leveraged to show many-fold surface potential enhancement in fractured surfaces relative to the pristine crystals. Further, complementarity of the surface potentials in a pair of fractured crystal shards and asymptotic decay behaviour with time are observed. Newly formed surfaces of the pharmaceutical crystals show long-lasting charges despite their relatively lower piezo-response confirmed by bulk piezometry. To establish the generality of surface phenomena, statistical analyses (≈50 samples) of post-fracture-attraction behaviour of crystals are performed. Finally, the application of fracture-driven surface charges in industrial processes is achieved by investigating flow-property and tablet-strength of bulk pharmaceutical materials. This multiscale approach unveils the symmetry-dependency of surface charges in fractured materials, and probes the same for utilisation in bulk-property engineering.