We present a formalism to study molecular polaritons based on the bosonization of molecular vibronic states. This formalism accommodates an arbitrary number of molecules N, excitations and internal vibronic structures, making it ideal for investigating molecular polariton processes accounting for finite N effects. We employ this formalism to rigorously derive radiative pumping and vibrational relaxation rates. We show that radiative pumping is the emission from incoherent excitons and divide its rate into transmitted and re-absorbed components. On the other hand, the vibrational relaxation rate in the weak linear vibronic coupling regime is composed of a <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41467_2025_58045_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="59" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">${{\mathcal{O}}}(1/N)$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">O</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>/</mo> <mi>N</mi> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> contribution already accounted for by radiative pumping, and a <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41467_2025_58045_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="65" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">${{\mathcal{O}}}(1/{N}^{2})$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">O</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>/</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> contribution from a second-order process in the single-molecule light-matter coupling that we call polariton-assisted Raman scattering. This scattering is enhanced when the difference between fluorescence and lower polariton frequencies matches a Raman-active excitation.

Radiative pumping vs vibrational relaxation of molecular polaritons: a bosonic mapping approach

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2025年4月2日

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Juan B. Pérez-Sánchez,
Joel Yuen-Zhou

摘要

We present a formalism to study molecular polaritons based on the bosonization of molecular vibronic states. This formalism accommodates an arbitrary number of molecules N, excitations and internal vibronic structures, making it ideal for investigating molecular polariton processes accounting for finite N effects. We employ this formalism to rigorously derive radiative pumping and vibrational relaxation rates. We show that radiative pumping is the emission from incoherent excitons and divide its rate into transmitted and re-absorbed components. On the other hand, the vibrational relaxation rate in the weak linear vibronic coupling regime is composed of a ${{\mathcal{O}}}(1/N)$ $O (1 / N)$ contribution already accounted for by radiative pumping, and a ${{\mathcal{O}}}(1/{N}^{2})$ $O (1 / N^{2})$ contribution from a second-order process in the single-molecule light-matter coupling that we call polariton-assisted Raman scattering. This scattering is enhanced when the difference between fluorescence and lower polariton frequencies matches a Raman-active excitation.