<p>The coexistence of multiple types of orders is a common thread in condensed matter physics and unconventional superconductors. The nature of superconducting orders may be unveiled by analyzing local perturbations such as vortices. For thin films, the vortex magnetic profile is characterized by the Pearl-length <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41467_2025_57817_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Lambda\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, which is inversely proportional to the 2D superfluid density; hence, normally, also inversely proportional to the film thickness, <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41467_2025_57817_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(d\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>d</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Here we employ the scanning SQUID-on-tip microscopy to measure <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41467_2025_57817_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Lambda\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> in NbSe<sub>2</sub> flakes with thicknesses ranging from <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41467_2025_57817_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="47" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(N=3\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>N</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>3</mn> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> to <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41467_2025_57817_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="18" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(53\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mn>53</mn> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> layers. For <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41467_2025_57817_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="61" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(N\, &gt; \,10\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>N</mi> <mspace width="0.25em" /> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mspace width="0.25em" /> <mn>10</mn> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, we find the expected dependence <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41467_2025_57817_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="64" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Lambda \propto 1/d\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi> <mo>∝</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>/</mo> <mi>d</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. However, six-layer films show a sharp increase of <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41467_2025_57817_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Lambda\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> deviating by a factor of three from the expected value. This value remains fixed for <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41467_2025_57817_Article_IEq9.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="47" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(N=3\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>N</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>3</mn> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> to <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41467_2025_57817_Article_IEq10.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="10" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(6\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mn>6</mn> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. This unexpected behavior suggests the competition between two orders; one residing only on the first and last layers of the film while the other prevails in all layers.</p>

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Anomalous thickness dependence of the vortex pearl length in few-layer NbSe2

  • Nofar Fridman,
  • Tomer Daniel Feld,
  • Avia Noah,
  • Ayelet Zalic,
  • Maya Markman,
  • T. R. Devidas,
  • Yishay Zur,
  • Einav Grynszpan,
  • Alon Gutfreund,
  • Itai Keren,
  • Atzmon Vakahi,
  • Sergei Remennik,
  • Kenji Watanabe,
  • Takashi Taniguchi,
  • Martin Emile Huber,
  • Igor Aleiner,
  • Hadar Steinberg,
  • Oded Agam,
  • Yonathan Anahory

摘要

The coexistence of multiple types of orders is a common thread in condensed matter physics and unconventional superconductors. The nature of superconducting orders may be unveiled by analyzing local perturbations such as vortices. For thin films, the vortex magnetic profile is characterized by the Pearl-length \(\Lambda\) Λ , which is inversely proportional to the 2D superfluid density; hence, normally, also inversely proportional to the film thickness, \(d\) d . Here we employ the scanning SQUID-on-tip microscopy to measure \(\Lambda\) Λ in NbSe2 flakes with thicknesses ranging from \(N=3\) N = 3 to \(53\) 53 layers. For \(N\, > \,10\) N > 10 , we find the expected dependence \(\Lambda \propto 1/d\) Λ 1 / d . However, six-layer films show a sharp increase of \(\Lambda\) Λ deviating by a factor of three from the expected value. This value remains fixed for \(N=3\) N = 3 to \(6\) 6 . This unexpected behavior suggests the competition between two orders; one residing only on the first and last layers of the film while the other prevails in all layers.