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<p>Microglial diversity arises from the interplay between inherent genetic programs and external environmental signals. However, the mechanisms by which these processes develop and interact within the growing brain are not yet fully understood. Here, we show that radial glia-expressed integrin beta 8 (ITGB8) activates microglia-expressed TGFβ1 to drive microglial development. Domain-restricted deletion of <i>Itgb8</i> in these progenitors results in regionally restricted and developmentally arrested microglia that persist into adulthood. In the absence of autocrine TGFβ1 signaling, microglia adopt a similar phenotype, leading to neuromotor symptoms almost identical to <i>Itgb8</i> mutant mice. In contrast, microglia lacking the canonical TGFβ signal transducers <i>Smad2</i> and <i>Smad3</i> have a less polarized dysmature phenotype and correspondingly less severe neuromotor dysfunction. Our study describes the spatio-temporal regulation of TGFβ activation and signaling in the brain necessary to promote microglial development, and provides evidence for the adoption of microglial developmental signaling pathways in brain injury or disease.</p>

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Radial glia integrin avb8 regulates cell autonomous microglial TGFβ1 signaling that is necessary for microglial identity

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月22日

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  • Gabriel L. McKinsey,
  • Nicolas Santander,
  • Xiaoming Zhang,
  • Kilian L. Kleemann,
  • Lauren Tran,
  • Aditya Katewa,
  • Kaylynn Conant,
  • Matthew Barraza,
  • Kian Waddell,
  • Carlos O. Lizama,
  • Marie La Russa,
  • Ji Hyun Koo,
  • Hyunji Lee,
  • Dibyanti Mukherjee,
  • Helena Paidassi,
  • E. S. Anton,
  • Kamran Atabai,
  • Dean Sheppard,
  • Oleg Butovsky,
  • Thomas D. Arnold

摘要

Microglial diversity arises from the interplay between inherent genetic programs and external environmental signals. However, the mechanisms by which these processes develop and interact within the growing brain are not yet fully understood. Here, we show that radial glia-expressed integrin beta 8 (ITGB8) activates microglia-expressed TGFβ1 to drive microglial development. Domain-restricted deletion of Itgb8 in these progenitors results in regionally restricted and developmentally arrested microglia that persist into adulthood. In the absence of autocrine TGFβ1 signaling, microglia adopt a similar phenotype, leading to neuromotor symptoms almost identical to Itgb8 mutant mice. In contrast, microglia lacking the canonical TGFβ signal transducers Smad2 and Smad3 have a less polarized dysmature phenotype and correspondingly less severe neuromotor dysfunction. Our study describes the spatio-temporal regulation of TGFβ activation and signaling in the brain necessary to promote microglial development, and provides evidence for the adoption of microglial developmental signaling pathways in brain injury or disease.