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<p>Age is among the strongest risk factors for severe outcomes from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here we describe upper respiratory tract (URT) and peripheral blood transcriptomes of 202 participants (age range of 1 week to 83 years), including 137 non-hospitalized individuals with mild SARS-CoV-2 infection and 65 healthy individuals. Among healthy children and adolescents, younger age is associated with higher URT expression of innate and adaptive immune pathways. SARS-CoV-2 infection induces broad upregulation of URT innate and adaptive immune responses among children and adolescents. Peripheral blood responses among SARS-CoV-2-infected children and adolescents are dominated by interferon pathways, while upregulation of myeloid activation, inflammatory, and coagulation pathways is observed only in adults. Among SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals, fever is associated with blunted URT immune responses and more pronounced systemic immune activation. These findings demonstrate that immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 differ across the lifespan, from distinct signatures in childhood and adolescence to age-associated alterations in adults.</p>

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Age-associated differences in mucosal and systemic host responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月10日

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  • Jillian H. Hurst,
  • Aditya A. Mohan,
  • Trisha Dalapati,
  • Ian A. George,
  • Jhoanna N. Aquino,
  • Debra J. Lugo,
  • Trevor S. Pfeiffer,
  • Javier Rodriguez,
  • Alexandre T. Rotta,
  • Nicholas A. Turner,
  • Thomas W. Burke,
  • Micah T. McClain,
  • Ricardo Henao,
  • C. Todd DeMarco,
  • Raul Louzao,
  • Thomas N. Denny,
  • Kyle M. Walsh,
  • Zhaohui Xu,
  • Asuncion Mejias,
  • Octavio Ramilo,
  • Christopher W. Woods,
  • Matthew S. Kelly

摘要

Age is among the strongest risk factors for severe outcomes from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here we describe upper respiratory tract (URT) and peripheral blood transcriptomes of 202 participants (age range of 1 week to 83 years), including 137 non-hospitalized individuals with mild SARS-CoV-2 infection and 65 healthy individuals. Among healthy children and adolescents, younger age is associated with higher URT expression of innate and adaptive immune pathways. SARS-CoV-2 infection induces broad upregulation of URT innate and adaptive immune responses among children and adolescents. Peripheral blood responses among SARS-CoV-2-infected children and adolescents are dominated by interferon pathways, while upregulation of myeloid activation, inflammatory, and coagulation pathways is observed only in adults. Among SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals, fever is associated with blunted URT immune responses and more pronounced systemic immune activation. These findings demonstrate that immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 differ across the lifespan, from distinct signatures in childhood and adolescence to age-associated alterations in adults.