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<p>A growing portfolio of single-crystal optical actuators is forging a new class of photonic materials that hold prospects for quantum technologies. Ruthenium-based complexes that exhibit this phenomenon via SO<sub>2</sub>-linkage photoisomerisation are of particular interest since they display multiple metastable states, once induced by green light; yet, complete photoconversion into each SO<sub>2</sub>-isomeric state is rarely achieved. We discover a new complex, <i>trans</i>-[Ru(SO<sub>2</sub>)(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>(4-bromopyridine)]tosylate<sub>2</sub>, that produces 100% photoconverted η<sup>1</sup>-OSO isomeric crystal structures at 90 K, which fully transition into η<sup>2</sup>-(OS)O photoisomers upon warming to 100 K, while the dark-state η<sup>1</sup>-SO<sub>2</sub> structure is wholly recovered by heating the crystal to room temperature. Crystal structures and optical-absorption profiles of each state are captured via in-situ light-induced single-crystal X-ray diffraction and optical-absorption spectroscopy. Results show that both photoisomeric species behave as optical switches, but with distinct optical properties. The photoisomerisation process causes thermally-reversible micro- and nanoscopic crystal strain, as characterised by optical microscopy and in-situ light-induced atomic-force microscopy.</p>

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Ternary molecular switching in a single-crystal optical actuator with correlated crystal strain

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月11日

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  • Jacqueline M. Cole,
  • David J. Gosztola,
  • Jose de J. Velazquez-Garcia,
  • Jeffrey R. Guest

摘要

A growing portfolio of single-crystal optical actuators is forging a new class of photonic materials that hold prospects for quantum technologies. Ruthenium-based complexes that exhibit this phenomenon via SO2-linkage photoisomerisation are of particular interest since they display multiple metastable states, once induced by green light; yet, complete photoconversion into each SO2-isomeric state is rarely achieved. We discover a new complex, trans-[Ru(SO2)(NH3)4(4-bromopyridine)]tosylate2, that produces 100% photoconverted η1-OSO isomeric crystal structures at 90 K, which fully transition into η2-(OS)O photoisomers upon warming to 100 K, while the dark-state η1-SO2 structure is wholly recovered by heating the crystal to room temperature. Crystal structures and optical-absorption profiles of each state are captured via in-situ light-induced single-crystal X-ray diffraction and optical-absorption spectroscopy. Results show that both photoisomeric species behave as optical switches, but with distinct optical properties. The photoisomerisation process causes thermally-reversible micro- and nanoscopic crystal strain, as characterised by optical microscopy and in-situ light-induced atomic-force microscopy.