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<p>The environmental impacts of the food system exceed several planetary boundaries, with protein production being a major contributor. Single-Cell Protein&#xa0;(SCP) is a protein-rich microbial biomass that offers a sustainable alternative when derived from renewable energy and sustainable feedstocks. We evaluate the global potential for SCP production utilising electrolytic hydrogen and oxygen, atmospheric carbon dioxide and nitrogen, and hourly-optimised hybrid PV-wind power plants at a 0.45° × 0.45° spatial resolution. We outline a roadmap for industrial-scale production, commencing in 2028, targeting an annual capacity of 30 million tonnes of protein by 2050. Here we show that the cost of renewable electricity-based protein (e-protein) could decline at optimal sites from 5.5–6.1 € kg<sup>−1</sup> in 2028 to 4.0–4.5 € kg<sup>−1</sup> by 2030, and further to 2.1–2.3 € kg<sup>−1</sup> by 2050. Consequently, e-protein production can mostly decouple protein supply from water and arable land&#xa0;constraints, substantially mitigating the environmental impacts of food production.</p>

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Global potential of sustainable single-cell protein based on variable renewable electricity

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月10日

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  • Mahdi Fasihi,
  • Fatemeh Jouzi,
  • Petri Tervasmäki,
  • Pasi Vainikka,
  • Christian Breyer

摘要

The environmental impacts of the food system exceed several planetary boundaries, with protein production being a major contributor. Single-Cell Protein (SCP) is a protein-rich microbial biomass that offers a sustainable alternative when derived from renewable energy and sustainable feedstocks. We evaluate the global potential for SCP production utilising electrolytic hydrogen and oxygen, atmospheric carbon dioxide and nitrogen, and hourly-optimised hybrid PV-wind power plants at a 0.45° × 0.45° spatial resolution. We outline a roadmap for industrial-scale production, commencing in 2028, targeting an annual capacity of 30 million tonnes of protein by 2050. Here we show that the cost of renewable electricity-based protein (e-protein) could decline at optimal sites from 5.5–6.1 € kg−1 in 2028 to 4.0–4.5 € kg−1 by 2030, and further to 2.1–2.3 € kg−1 by 2050. Consequently, e-protein production can mostly decouple protein supply from water and arable land constraints, substantially mitigating the environmental impacts of food production.