Structure and elasticity of CaC₂O₅ suggests carbonate contribution to the seismic anomalies of Earth’s mantle

Knowledge of carbonate compounds under high pressure inside Earth is key to understanding the internal structure of the Earth, the deep carbon cycle and major geological events. Here we use first-principles simulations to calculate the structure and elasticity of CaC₂O₅-minerals with different symmetries under high pressure. Our calculations show that CaC₂O₅-minerals represent a group of low-density low-seismic-wave velocity mantle minerals. Changes in seismic wave velocity caused by the phase transformation of CaC₂O₅-Cc to CaC₂O₅-I \(\bar{4}\) $\overline{4}$ 2d (CaC₂O₅-C2-l) agree with wave velocity discontinuity at a depth of 660 km in the mantle transition zone. Moreover, when CaC₂O₅-Fdd2 transforms into CaC₂O₅-C2 under 70 GPa, its shear wave velocity decreases by 7.4%, and its density increases by 5.8%, which is consistent with the characteristics of large low-shear-velocity provinces (LLSVPs). Furthermore, the shear wave velocity of CaC₂O₅-I \(\bar{4}\) $\overline{4}$ 2d is very similar to that of cubic Ca-perovskite, which is one of the main constituents of the previously detected LLSVPs. Therefore, we propose that CaC₂O₅ and its high-pressure polymorphs may be a main component of LLSVPs.