Indications for renal denervation in the treatment of hypertension

Renal denervation (RDN) is a neuromodulation therapy performed using an intraarterial catheter in patients with hypertension. Recent randomized sham-operated controlled trials have shown that RDN has significant antihypertensive effects in patients with resistant, uncontrolled, and/or drug-naïve hypertension. Based on available evidence, the European Society of Hypertension 2023 guidelines include a Class II recommendation for the use of RDN in individuals with resistant and uncontrolled hypertension. The US Food and Drug Administration approved two devices, the ultrasound-based ReCor Paradise^TM RDN system and the radiofrequency-based Medtronic Symplicity Spyral^TM RDN system, as adjunctive therapy for patients with resistant and uncontrolled hypertension. The indications for RDN and incorporation of RDN into clinical practice will grow as clinical evidence accumulates. This mini review summarizes latest findings focusing on the safety and effectiveness of RDN for treating hypertension in the absence and presence of antihypertensive drugs, and discusses the indications for RDN.