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Background/objectives <p>To evaluate the relative performance of carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide as the cryogenic gas in an ophthalmic cryotherapy machine.</p> Methods <p>We performed a benchtop analysis of CO<sub>2</sub>- and N2O-driven cryotherapy delivery systems in the Keeler laboratory, UK. For each gas, 10 cryotherapy probes were tested in terms of the internal and external tip temperatures, when applied to a simulated tissue sample.</p> Results <p>Using CO<sub>2</sub>, the external and internal tip temperatures were on average 2.07°C and 2.12°C colder, respectively, than those achieved using N<sub>2</sub>O as the cryogenic gas. These diff erences were statistically significant (p&lt;0.05 for both external and internal tip temperatures).</p> Conclusions <p>CO<sub>2</sub> delivers a deeper freeze than N<sub>2</sub>O to a simulated tissue sample. A strong case can be made for switching ophthalmic cryotherapy units from N<sub>2</sub>O to CO<sub>2</sub> in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.</p>

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A comparative analysis of carbon dioxide versus nitrous oxide as the pressurised gas driving a retinal cryotherapy unit

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月4日

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  • Laura Wakely,
  • Gareth Copping

摘要

Background/objectives

To evaluate the relative performance of carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide as the cryogenic gas in an ophthalmic cryotherapy machine.

Methods

We performed a benchtop analysis of CO2- and N2O-driven cryotherapy delivery systems in the Keeler laboratory, UK. For each gas, 10 cryotherapy probes were tested in terms of the internal and external tip temperatures, when applied to a simulated tissue sample.

Results

Using CO2, the external and internal tip temperatures were on average 2.07°C and 2.12°C colder, respectively, than those achieved using N2O as the cryogenic gas. These diff erences were statistically significant (p<0.05 for both external and internal tip temperatures).

Conclusions

CO2 delivers a deeper freeze than N2O to a simulated tissue sample. A strong case can be made for switching ophthalmic cryotherapy units from N2O to CO2 in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.