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Background/Objective <p>To evaluate the weight and height status of under-five children between 1992 and 2021 in relation to nutritional context.</p> Subjects/Methods <p>The study is based on the lengths/heights and weights of children &lt;5 years in five national surveys (<i>n</i> = 505,026). After evaluating normality of the distributions, heights, and weights were expressed as <i>z</i>-scores relative to the WHO reference. Nonparametric tests were used as the heights and weights did not have normal distributions.</p> Results <p>Heights and weights of boys and girls increased systematically, on average, across the five national surveys, indicating improvement in nutritional status over time. Nevertheless, median <i>z</i>-scores for height and weight relative to the WHO reference indicated the persistence of relatively poor nutritional status across the surveys.</p> Conclusions <p>The growth status of Indian children &lt;5 years improved over three decades, indicating that national initiatives promoting child health had a positive impact. Unfortunately, the nutritional status of significant numbers of children has not sufficiently improved and merits further attention.</p>

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Early childhood growth and nutritional status in India: trends in five National Family Health Surveys spanning 1992 and 2021

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月27日

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  • Ramendra Nath Kundu,
  • Grażyna Liczbińska,
  • Rajesh K. Gautam,
  • Susmita Bharati,
  • Manoranjan Pal,
  • Premananda Bharati,
  • Robert M. Malina

摘要

Background/Objective

To evaluate the weight and height status of under-five children between 1992 and 2021 in relation to nutritional context.

Subjects/Methods

The study is based on the lengths/heights and weights of children <5 years in five national surveys (n = 505,026). After evaluating normality of the distributions, heights, and weights were expressed as z-scores relative to the WHO reference. Nonparametric tests were used as the heights and weights did not have normal distributions.

Results

Heights and weights of boys and girls increased systematically, on average, across the five national surveys, indicating improvement in nutritional status over time. Nevertheless, median z-scores for height and weight relative to the WHO reference indicated the persistence of relatively poor nutritional status across the surveys.

Conclusions

The growth status of Indian children <5 years improved over three decades, indicating that national initiatives promoting child health had a positive impact. Unfortunately, the nutritional status of significant numbers of children has not sufficiently improved and merits further attention.