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<p>Pore-forming toxins (PFTs) are recognized as major virulence factors produced by both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. While the effects of PFTs have been extensively investigated using mammalian cells as a model system, their interactions with the environmental host, <i>Acanthamoeba castellanii</i> remains less understood. This study employed high-throughput image screening (HTI), advanced microscopy, western blot analysis, and cytotoxicity assays to evaluate the impact of PFT-producing bacterial species on their virulence against <i>A. castellanii</i>. Our unbiased HTI data analysis reveals that the cyst induction of <i>A. castellanii</i> in response to various bacterial species does not correlate with the presence of PFT-producing bacteria. Moreover, <i>A. castellanii</i> demonstrates resistance to PFT-mediated cytotoxicity, in contrast to mammalian macrophages. Notably, <i>Vibrio anguillarum</i> and <i>Ralstonia eutropha</i> triggered a high frequency of cyst formation and cytotoxicity in infected <i>A. castellanii</i>. In summary, our findings reveal that <i>A. castellanii</i> exhibits a unique resistance to PFTs, unlike mammalian cells, suggesting its potential ecological role as a reservoir for diverse pathogenic species and its influence on their persistence and proliferation in the environment.</p><p></p>

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A new understanding of Acanthamoeba castellanii: dispelling the role of bacterial pore-forming toxins in cyst formation and amoebicidal actions

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月19日

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  • Abdelbasset Yabrag,
  • Naeem Ullah,
  • Palwasha Baryalai,
  • Irfan Ahmad,
  • Nikola Zlatkov,
  • Eric Toh,
  • Toril Lindbäck,
  • Bernt Eric Uhlin,
  • Sun Nyunt Wai,
  • Aftab Nadeem

摘要

Pore-forming toxins (PFTs) are recognized as major virulence factors produced by both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. While the effects of PFTs have been extensively investigated using mammalian cells as a model system, their interactions with the environmental host, Acanthamoeba castellanii remains less understood. This study employed high-throughput image screening (HTI), advanced microscopy, western blot analysis, and cytotoxicity assays to evaluate the impact of PFT-producing bacterial species on their virulence against A. castellanii. Our unbiased HTI data analysis reveals that the cyst induction of A. castellanii in response to various bacterial species does not correlate with the presence of PFT-producing bacteria. Moreover, A. castellanii demonstrates resistance to PFT-mediated cytotoxicity, in contrast to mammalian macrophages. Notably, Vibrio anguillarum and Ralstonia eutropha triggered a high frequency of cyst formation and cytotoxicity in infected A. castellanii. In summary, our findings reveal that A. castellanii exhibits a unique resistance to PFTs, unlike mammalian cells, suggesting its potential ecological role as a reservoir for diverse pathogenic species and its influence on their persistence and proliferation in the environment.