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Background <p><i>BRAF</i><sup>V600E</sup> mutations occur in ∼10% of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, leading to poor prognosis. Although BRAF-targeted therapy is ineffective in CRC, adding EGFR inhibitors (EGFRi) improves efficacy, yet patient survival remains suboptimal. This study explores SRC as a key mediator of resistance to BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) in preclinical BRAF<sup>V600E</sup> CRC models, and its potential as a therapeutic target.</p> Methods <p>We studied SRC using BRAF-mutated and wild-type CRC cell lines with CRISPR/Cas9 knockouts and lentiviral overexpression. We tested SRC, BRAF, EGFR, and JNK targeting drugs, assessing protein expression, cell viability, proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and cell cycle. CRC cell line-derived xenograft (CDX) and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models were established for in vivo studies.</p> Results <p>SRC regulates proliferation, clonogenicity, migration and mediates BRAFi resistance in BRAF<sup>V600E</sup> CRC, regardless of microsatellite instability. Depletion or inhibition of SRC sensitized cells to BRAFi. Combined SRC and BRAF inhibition demonstrated a synergistic antitumor effect, reducing cell viability and inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in cell lines and PDXs. The JNK/c-Jun pathway contributes to adaptive resistance, and its inhibition enhances the effects of dual SRC and BRAF inhibition.</p> Conclusions <p>These findings identify new therapeutic targets for clinical trials, potentially improving outcomes for this high-risk CRC subgroup.</p>

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Co-targeting SRC overcomes resistance to BRAF inhibitors in colorectal cancer

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月6日

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  • Beatriz Rubio-Cuesta,
  • Carlos Carretero-Puche,
  • Patricia Llamas,
  • Jacinto Sarmentero,
  • Beatriz Gil-Calderon,
  • Alberto Lens-Pardo,
  • Beatriz Antón-Pascual,
  • Eduardo Rubio-González,
  • María Cámara-Jurado,
  • Javier Salamanca,
  • Daniel Rueda-Fernández,
  • Marco Donatello Delcuratolo,
  • Beatriz Soldevilla,
  • Rocio Garcia-Carbonero

摘要

Background

BRAFV600E mutations occur in ∼10% of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, leading to poor prognosis. Although BRAF-targeted therapy is ineffective in CRC, adding EGFR inhibitors (EGFRi) improves efficacy, yet patient survival remains suboptimal. This study explores SRC as a key mediator of resistance to BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) in preclinical BRAFV600E CRC models, and its potential as a therapeutic target.

Methods

We studied SRC using BRAF-mutated and wild-type CRC cell lines with CRISPR/Cas9 knockouts and lentiviral overexpression. We tested SRC, BRAF, EGFR, and JNK targeting drugs, assessing protein expression, cell viability, proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and cell cycle. CRC cell line-derived xenograft (CDX) and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models were established for in vivo studies.

Results

SRC regulates proliferation, clonogenicity, migration and mediates BRAFi resistance in BRAFV600E CRC, regardless of microsatellite instability. Depletion or inhibition of SRC sensitized cells to BRAFi. Combined SRC and BRAF inhibition demonstrated a synergistic antitumor effect, reducing cell viability and inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in cell lines and PDXs. The JNK/c-Jun pathway contributes to adaptive resistance, and its inhibition enhances the effects of dual SRC and BRAF inhibition.

Conclusions

These findings identify new therapeutic targets for clinical trials, potentially improving outcomes for this high-risk CRC subgroup.