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Background <p>Thyroid cancer is diagnosed at relatively young ages compared to other adult cancers, for reasons that remain unclear. Our study aimed to investigate associations of in-utero and newborn characteristics with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) incidence in adult women.</p> Methods <p>From the U.S. nationwide Sister Study cohort, we included 47,913 cancer-free women at baseline (2003–2009). We assessed associations of participants’ in-utero and newborn characteristics and DTC during follow-up using Cox regression models adjusted for attained age (timescale) and race/ethnicity.</p> Results <p>During follow-up (median = 13.1 years), 239 incident DTC cases were identified. Higher DTC incidence was associated with maternal pre-pregnancy or gestational diabetes (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.36, 95%CI = 0.97–5.74, 5 affected cases), gestational hypertension or hypertension-related disorders (HR = 1.99, 95%CI = 1.20–3.32, 16 affected cases), and higher birth weight (HR per kg=1.24, 95%CI = 0.95–1.60). Births occurring at least two weeks before the due date were associated with lower DTC incidence (HR = 0.47, 95%CI = 0.23–0.97, 8 affected cases). In a model simultaneously adjusted for all these factors, all exposures remained associated with DTC incidence. We observed no associations for other in-utero and newborn characteristics.</p> Conclusions <p>These findings contribute to a growing body of evidence that in-utero exposures related to maternal metabolic abnormalities may influence thyroid cancer risk later in life.</p>

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In-utero and newborn factors and thyroid cancer incidence in adult women in the Sister Study cohort

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月9日

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  • Thi-Van-Trinh Tran,
  • Katie M. O’Brien,
  • Rebecca Troisi,
  • Dale P. Sandler,
  • Cari M. Kitahara

摘要

Background

Thyroid cancer is diagnosed at relatively young ages compared to other adult cancers, for reasons that remain unclear. Our study aimed to investigate associations of in-utero and newborn characteristics with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) incidence in adult women.

Methods

From the U.S. nationwide Sister Study cohort, we included 47,913 cancer-free women at baseline (2003–2009). We assessed associations of participants’ in-utero and newborn characteristics and DTC during follow-up using Cox regression models adjusted for attained age (timescale) and race/ethnicity.

Results

During follow-up (median = 13.1 years), 239 incident DTC cases were identified. Higher DTC incidence was associated with maternal pre-pregnancy or gestational diabetes (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.36, 95%CI = 0.97–5.74, 5 affected cases), gestational hypertension or hypertension-related disorders (HR = 1.99, 95%CI = 1.20–3.32, 16 affected cases), and higher birth weight (HR per kg=1.24, 95%CI = 0.95–1.60). Births occurring at least two weeks before the due date were associated with lower DTC incidence (HR = 0.47, 95%CI = 0.23–0.97, 8 affected cases). In a model simultaneously adjusted for all these factors, all exposures remained associated with DTC incidence. We observed no associations for other in-utero and newborn characteristics.

Conclusions

These findings contribute to a growing body of evidence that in-utero exposures related to maternal metabolic abnormalities may influence thyroid cancer risk later in life.