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<p><b>Aims</b> This study investigated the impact of a multi-acid etching solution, ZircosE (comprising HCl, HF, HNO<sub>3</sub>, and H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>), on a polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) material (VITA Enamic). The study also compared its performance with two conventional etchants across three different exposure times: one minute, 30 minutes, and 60 minutes.</p><p><b>Methods</b> Surface roughness was quantified, and microstructural changes were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).</p><p><b>Results</b> The multi-acid etching solution consistently produced the highest surface roughness (from 0.672 ± 0.022 μm at one minute to 0.835 ± 0.023 μm at 60 minutes). SEM confirmed a progressive increase in surface porosity and particle removal with longer exposure, suggesting potential for enhanced micromechanical retention.</p><p><b>Conclusions</b> The multi-acid solution effectively roughened the PICN surface, demonstrating its potential as an alternative etching method. However, prolonged exposure risks over-etching and structural compromise.</p>

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The role of multi-acid and traditional acid etching agents on the surface roughness of a polymer-infiltrated ceramic material

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月3日

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  • Carlos A. Jurado,
  • Fabio Luiz Andretti,
  • Mark A. Antal,
  • Silvia Rojas-Rueda,
  • Rene Garcia-Contreras,
  • Brian R. Morrow,
  • Franklin Garcia-Godoy

摘要

Aims This study investigated the impact of a multi-acid etching solution, ZircosE (comprising HCl, HF, HNO3, and H2SO4), on a polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) material (VITA Enamic). The study also compared its performance with two conventional etchants across three different exposure times: one minute, 30 minutes, and 60 minutes.

Methods Surface roughness was quantified, and microstructural changes were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Results The multi-acid etching solution consistently produced the highest surface roughness (from 0.672 ± 0.022 μm at one minute to 0.835 ± 0.023 μm at 60 minutes). SEM confirmed a progressive increase in surface porosity and particle removal with longer exposure, suggesting potential for enhanced micromechanical retention.

Conclusions The multi-acid solution effectively roughened the PICN surface, demonstrating its potential as an alternative etching method. However, prolonged exposure risks over-etching and structural compromise.