<p>Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and <i>DNMT3A</i> mutations (<i>DNMT3A</i><sup>mut</sup>) are considered to carry intermediate risk under the 2022 European LeukemiaNet (ELN-2022) classification in the absence of other co-mutations or cytogenetic abnormalities. However, this group is highly heterogeneous. In this study, the genomic and transcriptomic features influencing outcomes in <i>DNMT3A</i>-mutated AML were examined in a cohort of 884 patients with AML receiving standard chemotherapy. Stratification by <i>NPM1</i> and <i>FLT3</i>-ITD status revealed worse survival among patients with <i>NPM1</i> mutations and wild-type <i>FLT3</i>-ITD (<i>NPM1</i><sup>mut</sup>/<i>FLT3-</i>ITD<sup>wt</sup>) than patients in the ELN-2022 favorable risk group. The other three subgroups (<i>NPM1</i><sup>mut</sup>/<i>FLT3-</i>ITD<sup>mut</sup>, <i>NPM1</i><sup>wt</sup>/<i>FLT3-</i>ITD<sup>mut</sup>, and <i>NPM1</i><sup>wt</sup>/<i>FLT3-</i>ITD<sup>wt</sup>) exhibited worse prognoses than patients in the ELN-2022 intermediate risk group. Additionally, the presence of <i>TET2</i><sup>mut</sup> in patients with AML and <i>DNMT3A</i><sup>mut</sup>/<i>NPM1</i><sup>mut</sup>/<i>FLT3</i>-ITD<sup>wt</sup> led to reclassification from favorable risk to intermediate risk in the ELN-2022. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed a distinct transcriptomic profile in patients with <i>TET2</i><sup>mut</sup>, highlighting the enrichment of leukemic stem cell signatures and dendritic cell migration, with <i>MMP14</i>, <i>CD200</i>, and <i>CT45A5</i> identified as key differentially expressed genes. In conclusion, co-mutation patterns strongly affected AML outcomes in patients with <i>DNMT3A</i><sup>mut</sup>. Patients with <i>TET2</i><sup>mut</sup> constituted a unique subgroup within the ELN-2022 favorable <i>DNMT3A</i><sup>mut</sup>/<i>NPM1</i><sup>mut</sup>/<i>FLT3</i>-ITD<sup>wt</sup> group, characterized by distinct transcriptomic features and an unfavorable prognosis.</p>

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Genomic and transcriptomic determinants of clinical outcomes in patients with AML and DNMT3A mutations

  • Sao-Chih Ni,
  • Chi-Yuan Yao,
  • Xavier Cheng-Hong Tsai,
  • Min-Yen Lo,
  • Chien-Yuan Chen,
  • Wan-Hsuan Lee,
  • Chien-Chin Lin,
  • Yuan-Yeh Kuo,
  • Yen-Ling Peng,
  • Mei-Hsuan Tseng,
  • Yu-Sin Wu,
  • Ming-Chih Liu,
  • Liang-In Lin,
  • Ming-Kai Chuang,
  • Bor-Sheng Ko,
  • Ming Yao,
  • Jih-Luh Tang,
  • Feng-Ming Tien,
  • Wen-Chien Chou,
  • Hsin-An Hou,
  • Hwei-Fang Tien

摘要

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and DNMT3A mutations (DNMT3Amut) are considered to carry intermediate risk under the 2022 European LeukemiaNet (ELN-2022) classification in the absence of other co-mutations or cytogenetic abnormalities. However, this group is highly heterogeneous. In this study, the genomic and transcriptomic features influencing outcomes in DNMT3A-mutated AML were examined in a cohort of 884 patients with AML receiving standard chemotherapy. Stratification by NPM1 and FLT3-ITD status revealed worse survival among patients with NPM1 mutations and wild-type FLT3-ITD (NPM1mut/FLT3-ITDwt) than patients in the ELN-2022 favorable risk group. The other three subgroups (NPM1mut/FLT3-ITDmut, NPM1wt/FLT3-ITDmut, and NPM1wt/FLT3-ITDwt) exhibited worse prognoses than patients in the ELN-2022 intermediate risk group. Additionally, the presence of TET2mut in patients with AML and DNMT3Amut/NPM1mut/FLT3-ITDwt led to reclassification from favorable risk to intermediate risk in the ELN-2022. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed a distinct transcriptomic profile in patients with TET2mut, highlighting the enrichment of leukemic stem cell signatures and dendritic cell migration, with MMP14, CD200, and CT45A5 identified as key differentially expressed genes. In conclusion, co-mutation patterns strongly affected AML outcomes in patients with DNMT3Amut. Patients with TET2mut constituted a unique subgroup within the ELN-2022 favorable DNMT3Amut/NPM1mut/FLT3-ITDwt group, characterized by distinct transcriptomic features and an unfavorable prognosis.