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<p>Orally bioavailable inhibitors targeting the kidney urea transporter (UT) have the potential to serve as salt-sparing diuretics by employing a urea-selective diuretic mechanism of action distinct from that of diuretics targeting salt transporters. To elucidate the mechanism by which oral inhibitors interact with UTs, we solved the structure of a newly developed inhibitor, E3, with UT-A2 using cryo-electron microscopy. Through structural analysis and binding free energy calculations, we not only revealed the binding mode of E3 to UT-A2 but also clarified the structural basis by which E3 serves as a common competitive inhibitor of human, mouse and rat UT-A/UT-B. E3 exerts its inhibitory effect by competitively binding to the conserved Q-T-T-Q motif in the urea binding pockets of the transport channel. Moreover, we discovered that the BSBP region of UT can serve as a key region for enhancing the inhibitory potency of E3 with different UTs, which provides valuable structural insights for designing and modifying high-affinity UT inhibitors that act as diuretics.</p>

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Structural characterization of the urea transporter bound to the orally bioavailable inhibitor E3

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月16日

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  • Shen-ming Huang,
  • Bo-yang Cai,
  • Lei Liu,
  • Le-jin Yang,
  • Zhi Li,
  • Chao Zhang,
  • Meng-yao Xiong,
  • Hang Zhang,
  • Yan-rong Li,
  • Zhi-zhen Huang,
  • Ying Sun,
  • Bao-xue Yang,
  • Jin-peng Sun

摘要

Orally bioavailable inhibitors targeting the kidney urea transporter (UT) have the potential to serve as salt-sparing diuretics by employing a urea-selective diuretic mechanism of action distinct from that of diuretics targeting salt transporters. To elucidate the mechanism by which oral inhibitors interact with UTs, we solved the structure of a newly developed inhibitor, E3, with UT-A2 using cryo-electron microscopy. Through structural analysis and binding free energy calculations, we not only revealed the binding mode of E3 to UT-A2 but also clarified the structural basis by which E3 serves as a common competitive inhibitor of human, mouse and rat UT-A/UT-B. E3 exerts its inhibitory effect by competitively binding to the conserved Q-T-T-Q motif in the urea binding pockets of the transport channel. Moreover, we discovered that the BSBP region of UT can serve as a key region for enhancing the inhibitory potency of E3 with different UTs, which provides valuable structural insights for designing and modifying high-affinity UT inhibitors that act as diuretics.