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<p>Anxiety and depression are highly comorbid. Across species, depression-related phenotypes have been linked to reduced willingness to expend effort to pursue rewards. Effortful threat avoidance has been less extensively studied. Here, we used a dimensional model of psychopathology to investigate whether distinct sub-dimensions of depressed and anxious affect differentially impact effortful reward pursuit versus threat avoidance in humans. Hierarchical Bayesian modeling revealed that component decision-making mechanisms underlying effortful reward pursuit were differentially impacted by latent dimensions capturing the depressive symptoms of apathy versus anhedonia. Meanwhile, only the latent dimension tapping worry-related symptoms significantly impacted effortful threat avoidance, increasing willingness to exert effort to avoid threat and reducing sensitivity to threat magnitude.</p>

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Latent subdimensions of anxiety and depression differentially influence exertion of effort in pursuit of reward versus avoidance of threat

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月30日

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  • Jennifer D. Senta,
  • Anne G. E. Collins,
  • Peter Dayan,
  • Sonia J. Bishop

摘要

Anxiety and depression are highly comorbid. Across species, depression-related phenotypes have been linked to reduced willingness to expend effort to pursue rewards. Effortful threat avoidance has been less extensively studied. Here, we used a dimensional model of psychopathology to investigate whether distinct sub-dimensions of depressed and anxious affect differentially impact effortful reward pursuit versus threat avoidance in humans. Hierarchical Bayesian modeling revealed that component decision-making mechanisms underlying effortful reward pursuit were differentially impacted by latent dimensions capturing the depressive symptoms of apathy versus anhedonia. Meanwhile, only the latent dimension tapping worry-related symptoms significantly impacted effortful threat avoidance, increasing willingness to exert effort to avoid threat and reducing sensitivity to threat magnitude.