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Background <p>With an increasingly older population, age-related health issues such as mild cognitive impairment and dementia are serious public health concerns. Emerging data suggest that public health and preventative intervention strategies can modify early risk factors for the development of mild cognitive impairment and dementia. However, there is inadequate evidence of mild cognitive impairment in older populations in Africa.</p> <p>Therefore, this review aimed to provide pooled evidence of mild cognitive impairment among older populations and its predictors in Africa.</p> Methods <p>All the available primary studies were searched through Google Scholar, HINARI, PubMed, Psych Info, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases. The quality of the included studies was critically appraised by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) assessment tool adapted for observational studies. All the data were extracted on an Excel spreadsheet and exported to Stata version 17. During critical appraisal, disagreements between the two authors were resolved by the involvement of a third author. Effect sizes were pooled using the random-effects model, and the presence of publication bias was detected from the asymmetry of the funnel plot and statistically significant Egger’s test (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05).</p> Results <p>The pooled magnitude of mild cognitive impairment among older populations was 29.39% (95% CI:24.73, 34.04, I<sup>2</sup> = 98.05%, <i>P</i> = 0.00). Increased age 1.56 (95%CI:1.36, 1.79), being female 2.65 (95%CI:2.06, 3.400), participants who could not read and write 4.66 (95%CI:2.83, 7.67), have no spouse 4.27 (95%CI:1.06, 17.11), having hypertension 2.95 (95%CI:1.67, 5.20), severely dependent 7.66 (95%CI:3.74, 15.68), high level of alcohol intake 2.48 (95%CI:1.49, 4.09), having depression 3.17(95%CI:2.14, 4.68), low income 3.21 (95%CI:1.98, 5.19), poor social support 2.41 (95%CI:1.65, 3.51) and poor nutritional intake 2.77 (95%CI:1.83, 4.19) were significantly associated with mild cognitive impairment.</p> Conclusions <p>The magnitude of mild cognitive impairment among Africa’s older populations is significant. This suggests that cognitive disorders should be routinely screened among older people who visit healthcare facilities regarding physical health to enable early detection and treatment of reversible causes of neurocognitive impairment. Furthermore, identifying modifiable factors would inform evidence-based policies to reduce the health and societal burden of cognitive decline.</p>

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Magnitude and predictors of mild cognitive impairment among older populations in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月10日

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  • Sintayehu Asnakew,
  • Jessica Nealon,
  • Ayele Semachew Kasa,
  • Gashaw Walle Ayehu,
  • Dejen Getaneh Feleke,
  • Tigabu Munye Aytenew,
  • Victoria Traynor

摘要

Background

With an increasingly older population, age-related health issues such as mild cognitive impairment and dementia are serious public health concerns. Emerging data suggest that public health and preventative intervention strategies can modify early risk factors for the development of mild cognitive impairment and dementia. However, there is inadequate evidence of mild cognitive impairment in older populations in Africa.

Therefore, this review aimed to provide pooled evidence of mild cognitive impairment among older populations and its predictors in Africa.

Methods

All the available primary studies were searched through Google Scholar, HINARI, PubMed, Psych Info, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases. The quality of the included studies was critically appraised by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) assessment tool adapted for observational studies. All the data were extracted on an Excel spreadsheet and exported to Stata version 17. During critical appraisal, disagreements between the two authors were resolved by the involvement of a third author. Effect sizes were pooled using the random-effects model, and the presence of publication bias was detected from the asymmetry of the funnel plot and statistically significant Egger’s test (p < 0.05).

Results

The pooled magnitude of mild cognitive impairment among older populations was 29.39% (95% CI:24.73, 34.04, I2 = 98.05%, P = 0.00). Increased age 1.56 (95%CI:1.36, 1.79), being female 2.65 (95%CI:2.06, 3.400), participants who could not read and write 4.66 (95%CI:2.83, 7.67), have no spouse 4.27 (95%CI:1.06, 17.11), having hypertension 2.95 (95%CI:1.67, 5.20), severely dependent 7.66 (95%CI:3.74, 15.68), high level of alcohol intake 2.48 (95%CI:1.49, 4.09), having depression 3.17(95%CI:2.14, 4.68), low income 3.21 (95%CI:1.98, 5.19), poor social support 2.41 (95%CI:1.65, 3.51) and poor nutritional intake 2.77 (95%CI:1.83, 4.19) were significantly associated with mild cognitive impairment.

Conclusions

The magnitude of mild cognitive impairment among Africa’s older populations is significant. This suggests that cognitive disorders should be routinely screened among older people who visit healthcare facilities regarding physical health to enable early detection and treatment of reversible causes of neurocognitive impairment. Furthermore, identifying modifiable factors would inform evidence-based policies to reduce the health and societal burden of cognitive decline.