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Background <p>Dietary habits influence health from childhood, with effects that may persist throughout life. This study aimed to investigate the association between dietary patterns and cardiometabolic risk markers in early childhood.</p> Methods <p>A cross-sectional analysis was performed within the Childhood Obesity Risk Assessment Longitudinal Study (CORALS) cohort. Diet was assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were extracted using exploratory factor analysis. Cardiometabolic risk was analysed through internal z-scores, body mass index (BMIz), systolic blood pressure, HDL cholesterol (HDLz), triglycerides and HOMA-IR, and multi-adjusted linear regression models were performed.</p> Results <p>The analysis included 1426 participants (median age 4.95 years). Two dietary patterns (DPs) were identified: “Core-foods DP” (high in vegetables, fruits, nuts, legumes, fish and white meat) and “Poor-quality DP” (rich in flavoured dairy products, processed meat, pastries, sweets, snacks, precooked foods, other oils and soft drinks). Core-foods DP was inversely associated with BMIz (<i>B</i> = -0.07, <i>p</i> = 0.034), meanwhile the Poor-quality DP was directly associated with triglycerides (<i>B</i> = 0.09, <i>p</i> = 0.015) and higher overweight odds (OR:1.33; 95% CI:1.13–1.56), and inversely with HDLz (<i>B</i> = −0.08, <i>p</i> = 0.036).</p> Conclusion <p>Poor-quality DP was directly associated with cardiometabolic risk markers in preschool-aged children, emphasizing the importance of diet in preventing the early onset of obesity and cardiometabolic disorders.</p> Impact <p><UnorderedList Mark="Bullet"> <ItemContent> <p>This study highlights the impact of dietary patterns on cardiometabolic health in preschool children.</p> </ItemContent> <ItemContent> <p>A poor-quality dietary pattern is directly associated with BMI and triglycerides and inversely associated with HDL cholesterol, which may contribute to a worse cardiometabolic profile.</p> </ItemContent> <ItemContent> <p>In contrast, adherence to a core-foods pattern is inversely associated with BMI.</p> </ItemContent> <ItemContent> <p>These findings reinforce the importance of early nutrition education in preventing obesity and cardiometabolic disorders.</p> </ItemContent> <ItemContent> <p>This article provides evidence of diet-related metabolic risks in early life to limited existing literature and the need for interventions that promote healthier eating habits from an early age to improve long-term health outcomes.</p> </ItemContent> </UnorderedList></p>

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Association between dietary patterns and cardiometabolic health in children: findings from the Childhood Obesity Risk Assessment Longitudinal Study (CORALS) cohort

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月14日

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  • Irina Gheorghita,
  • Mariona Gispert-Llauradó,
  • Joaquin Escribano,
  • Jose Manuel Jurado-Castro,
  • Nancy Babio,
  • Rosaura Leis,
  • Luis A. Moreno,
  • Santiago Navas-Carretero,
  • Dolores Corella,
  • Ana Moreira,
  • Cristina Castro-Collado,
  • Rocío Vázquez-Cobela,
  • Mireia Alcázar,
  • María L. Miguel-Berges,
  • J. Alfredo Martinez,
  • Belén Pastor-Villaescusa,
  • Rosaura Picáns-Leis,
  • Gisela Mimbrero,
  • Pilar De Miguel-Etayo,
  • Katherine Flores-Rojas,
  • Mercedes Gil-Campos,
  • Jordi Salas-Salvadó,
  • Veronica Luque,
  • Helmut Schröder,
  • Montse Fitó,
  • Karla A. Pérez-Vega,
  • Mayela Solis Baltodano,
  • Daniel Muñoz-Aguayo,
  • Gemma Blanchart,
  • Sònia Gaixas,
  • María Dolores Zomeño,
  • Isaury Lorenzo,
  • Mercedes Gil-Campos,
  • José Manuel Jurado-Castro,
  • Belén Pastor-Villaescusa,
  • Francisco Jesús Llorente-Cantarero,
  • María José De La Torre-Aguilar,
  • Inmaculada Velasco Aguayo,
  • Santiago Navas-Carretero,
  • J. Alfredo Martínez,
  • Maria Jesús Moreno-Aliaga,
  • Begoña de Cuevillas García,
  • Natalia Vázquez-Bolea,
  • María Goñi,
  • María Hernández,
  • Salomé Pérez Diez,
  • Carmen Cristobo,
  • Nancy Babio,
  • Jordi Salas-Salvadó,
  • Joaquín Escribano,
  • Veronica Luque,
  • Natalia Ferré,
  • Irina Gheorghita,
  • Albert Feliu,
  • Ricardo Closa,
  • Mireia Alcázar,
  • Francisco Martín,
  • Cristina Rey,
  • Gisela Mimbrero,
  • Ana Pedraza,
  • Olga Salvadó,
  • Marta Ruiz Velasco,
  • José Ángel Bilbao Sustacha,
  • Yolanda Herranz Pinilla,
  • Lidia Rios,
  • María Pascual Compte,
  • Tany E. Garcidueñas-Fimbres,
  • Carlos Gómez-Martínez,
  • Sara de las Heras-Delgado,
  • Olga Simón,
  • Sònia de la Torre,
  • Càrol Tudela,
  • Júlia Valero Sales,
  • Sara Moroño García,
  • Rosaura Leis,
  • Anabel Romero Agrelo,
  • Rosaura Picáns-Leis,
  • Eva García-García,
  • Sofia Mosteiro-Losada,
  • Olga Portoles,
  • Pilar Codoñer Franch,
  • Dolores Corella,
  • Vanessa Martín Carbonell,
  • José V. Sorlí,
  • Luis A. Moreno,
  • Pilar De Miguel-Etayo,
  • María Luisa Miguel-Berges,
  • Alba Mª Santaliestra-Pasias,
  • Pilar Argente-Arizon,
  • Natalia Gimenez-Legarre,
  • Paloma Flores-Barrantes,
  • Gloria Pérez-Gimeno,
  • Miguel Seral-Cortés,
  • Andrea Jimeno-Martínez,
  • Ivie Maneschy,
  • Isabel Benedicto

摘要

Background

Dietary habits influence health from childhood, with effects that may persist throughout life. This study aimed to investigate the association between dietary patterns and cardiometabolic risk markers in early childhood.

Methods

A cross-sectional analysis was performed within the Childhood Obesity Risk Assessment Longitudinal Study (CORALS) cohort. Diet was assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were extracted using exploratory factor analysis. Cardiometabolic risk was analysed through internal z-scores, body mass index (BMIz), systolic blood pressure, HDL cholesterol (HDLz), triglycerides and HOMA-IR, and multi-adjusted linear regression models were performed.

Results

The analysis included 1426 participants (median age 4.95 years). Two dietary patterns (DPs) were identified: “Core-foods DP” (high in vegetables, fruits, nuts, legumes, fish and white meat) and “Poor-quality DP” (rich in flavoured dairy products, processed meat, pastries, sweets, snacks, precooked foods, other oils and soft drinks). Core-foods DP was inversely associated with BMIz (B = -0.07, p = 0.034), meanwhile the Poor-quality DP was directly associated with triglycerides (B = 0.09, p = 0.015) and higher overweight odds (OR:1.33; 95% CI:1.13–1.56), and inversely with HDLz (B = −0.08, p = 0.036).

Conclusion

Poor-quality DP was directly associated with cardiometabolic risk markers in preschool-aged children, emphasizing the importance of diet in preventing the early onset of obesity and cardiometabolic disorders.

Impact

This study highlights the impact of dietary patterns on cardiometabolic health in preschool children.

A poor-quality dietary pattern is directly associated with BMI and triglycerides and inversely associated with HDL cholesterol, which may contribute to a worse cardiometabolic profile.

In contrast, adherence to a core-foods pattern is inversely associated with BMI.

These findings reinforce the importance of early nutrition education in preventing obesity and cardiometabolic disorders.

This article provides evidence of diet-related metabolic risks in early life to limited existing literature and the need for interventions that promote healthier eating habits from an early age to improve long-term health outcomes.