Endoplasmic reticulum stress is attenuated by glycolysis in lymphatic malformations

期刊论文
发表日期：

2024年5月6日

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Xuecong Li,
Wenqun Zhong,
Hao Jiang,
Peipei Wang,
Maosheng Chai,
Tianshuang Zhu,
Jingjing Liu,
Congfa Huang,
Shaodong Yang,
Dongsheng Mou,
Xiaoshun Zhou,
Yu Cai

摘要

Background

This study aims to investigate the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) in human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells (HDLECs) and lymphatic malformations (LMs) and its relationship with aerobic glycolysis and inflammation.

Methods

The proliferation and apoptosis of HDLECs were examined with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. ER stress-associated proteins and glycolysis-related markers were detected by western blot. Glycolysis indexes were detected by seahorse analysis and lactic acid production assay kits. Immunohistochemistry was used to reveal the ER stress state of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) in LMs.

Results

LPS induced ER stress in HDLECs but did not trigger detectable apoptosis. Intriguingly, LPS-treated HDLECs also showed increased glycolysis flux. Knockdown of Hexokinase 2, a key enzyme for aerobic glycolysis, significantly inhibited the ability of HDLECs to resist ER stress-induced apoptosis. Moreover, compared to normal skin, glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78/BIP), and phosphorylation protein kinase R-like kinase (p-PERK), two key ER stress-associated markers, were upregulated in LECs of LMs, which was correlated with the inflected state. In addition, excessively activated ER stress inhibited the progression of LMs in rat models.

Conclusions

These data indicate that glycolysis could rescue activated ER stress in HDLECs, which is required for the accelerated development of LMs.

Impact

Inflammation enhances both ER stress and glycolysis in LECs while glycolysis is required to attenuate the pro-apoptotic effect of ER stress.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is activated in lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) of LMs, especially in inflammatory condition.

The expression of ER stress-related proteins is increased in LMs and correlated with Hexokinase 2 expression.

Pharmacological activation of ER stress suppresses the formation of LM lesions in the rat model.

ER stress may be a promising and effective therapeutic target for the treatment of LMs.