Irritable bowel syndrome in children: the placebo response rate and influencing factors a meta-analysis

Background

Irritable bowel syndrome is common in children and exhibits a high placebo response. This study was to explore the placebo response rate and its influencing factors in children with irritable bowel syndrome.

Methods

A systematic search was performed on Pubmed, Embase, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang, and CBM from database inception to March 2022. Randomized controlled trials of irritable bowel syndrome in children were included in the study. The primary outcome was the placebo response rate of improvement.

Results

Thirteen studies were included, with 445 patients in the placebo group. The rate of improvement and abdominal pain disappearance were 28.2% (95% CI, 16.6–39.9%) and 5% (95% CI, 0–18.4%). The placebo response based on the abdominal pain score was 0.675 (95% CI, 0.203–1.147). The mode of administration (P < 0.01), dosing schedule (P < 0.01), and clinical outcome assessor (P = 0.04) have a significant impact on the magnitude of placebo effect.

Conclusions

The placebo response rate for pediatric irritable bowel syndrome was 28.2%. In clinical trials, reducing dosing frequency, selecting appropriate dosage forms, and using patient-reported outcomes can help mitigate the placebo effect.

Impact

This is the first meta-analysis to assess the placebo response rates for improvement and disappearance in children with IBS.

The finding suggested that the mode of administration, dosing schedule, and clinical outcome assessor could potentially influence the magnitude of the placebo effect in children with IBS.

This study would provide a basis for estimating sample size in clinical trial design with a placebo control.