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Association of ACE1 I/D polymorphism and susceptibility to COVID-19 in Egyptian children and adolescents

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2024年1月4日

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  • Naglaa F. Boraey,
  • Marwa A. Bebars,
  • Ali A. Wahba,
  • Hanan M. Abd El Lateef,
  • Mohamed Atif Attia,
  • Ahmed H. Elsayed,
  • Khalid A. Rashed,
  • Ehab I. Sorour,
  • Mohamed F. Ahmed,
  • Ghada A. B. Abd-Elrehim,
  • Attia A. Soliman,
  • Mohamed M. M. Shehab,
  • Eman M. Elhindawy,
  • Ahmed A. A. Ibraheem,
  • Hassan Shehata,
  • Yousif M. Yousif,
  • Mustafa I. A. Hashem,
  • Amani A. Ahmed,
  • Ahmed A. Emam,
  • Dalia M. Gameil,
  • Eman M. Abdelhady,
  • Khalil Abdelkhalek,
  • Walaa E. M. A. Morsi,
  • Dalia M. Selim,
  • Suzan A. Razek,
  • Bassem Ashraf,
  • Ahmed S. E. Saleh,
  • Heba H. Eltrawy,
  • Mohamed I. Alanwar,
  • Rania A. Fouad,
  • Walaa E. Omar,
  • Rehab M. Nabil,
  • Mohamed R. Abdelhamed,
  • Mona Yousri Ibrahim,
  • Mai M. Malek,
  • Mona R. Afify,
  • Mohanned T. Alharbi,
  • Mohammed K. Nagshabandi,
  • Muyassar K. Tarabulsi,
  • Mohammed Esmail Qashqary,
  • Laila M. Almoraie,
  • Hanan F. Salem,
  • Manal M. Rashad,
  • Sonya A. A. El-Gaaly,
  • Nahawand A. El- Deeb,
  • Amany M. Abdallah,
  • Ahmed R. Fakhreldin,
  • Mohamed Hassouba,
  • Yasmine M. Massoud,
  • Mona S. M. Attaya,
  • Mohammed K. Haridi

摘要

Background

Given the sparse data on the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and its biological effector molecules ACE1 and ACE2 in pediatric COVID-19 cases, we investigated whether the ACE1 insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism could be a genetic marker for susceptibility to COVID-19 in Egyptian children and adolescents.

Methods

This was a case-control study included four hundred sixty patients diagnosed with COVID-19, and 460 well-matched healthy control children and adolescents. The I/D polymorphism (rs1799752) in the ACE1 gene was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), meanwhile the ACE serum concentrations were assessed by ELISA.

Results

The ACE1 D/D genotype and Deletion allele were significantly more represented in patients with COVID-19 compared to the control group (55% vs. 28%; OR = 2.4; [95% CI: 1.46–3.95]; for the DD genotype; P = 0.002) and (68% vs. 52.5%; OR: 1.93; [95% CI: 1.49–2.5] for the D allele; P = 0.032). The presence of ACE1 D/D genotype was an independent risk factor for severe COVID-19 among studied patients (adjusted OR: 2.6; [95% CI: 1.6–9.7]; P < 0.001.

Conclusions

The ACE1 insertion/deletion polymorphism may confer susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection in Egyptian children and adolescents.

Impact

Recent studies suggested a crucial role of renin-angiotensin system and its biological effector molecules ACE1 and ACE2 in the pathogenesis and progression of COVID-19.

To our knowledge, ours is the first study to investigate the association of ACE1 I/D polymorphism and susceptibility to COVID-19 in Caucasian children and adolescents.

The presence of the ACE1 D/D genotype or ACE1 Deletion allele may confer susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and being associated with higher ACE serum levels; may constitute independent risk factors for severe COVID-19.

The ACE1 I/D genotyping help design further clinical trials reconsidering RAS-pathway antagonists to achieve more efficient targeted therapies.