<p>Cancer-associated fibroblasts expressing fibroblast activation protein (FAP<sup>+</sup> CAFs) are critical modulators of the breast cancer microenvironment, yet their immunoregulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood. Through integrated analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data, clinical specimens, and in vivo and in vitro experiments, we identified FAP<sup>+</sup> CAFs as the predominant stromal population associated with poor clinical outcomes and immunosuppressive features. Mechanistically, FAP<sup>+</sup> CAFs secrete high levels of fibronectin 1 (FN1), which engages integrin α5β1 on macrophages to trigger FAK-AKT-STAT3 signaling, driving their polarization toward an immunosuppressive M2-like phenotype. Importantly, pharmacological disruption of FN1-integrin α5β1 signaling using Cilengitide effectively reprogrammed the tumor immune landscape and suppressed tumor growth in mice models. These findings establish FAP<sup>+</sup> CAF-derived FN1 as a critical orchestrator of tumor immunosuppression and identify the FN1-integrin α5β1 axis as a promising therapeutic target in breast cancer.</p><p></p>

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Fibroblast Activation Protein (FAP)+ cancer-associated fibroblasts induce macrophage M2-like polarization via the Fibronectin 1-Integrin α5β1 axis in breast cancer

  • Wuzhen Chen,
  • Mengjie Jiang,
  • Xinbo Zou,
  • Zhigang Chen,
  • Lesang Shen,
  • Jianming Hu,
  • Mingxiang Kong,
  • Jian Huang,
  • Chao Ni,
  • Wenjie Xia

摘要

Cancer-associated fibroblasts expressing fibroblast activation protein (FAP+ CAFs) are critical modulators of the breast cancer microenvironment, yet their immunoregulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood. Through integrated analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data, clinical specimens, and in vivo and in vitro experiments, we identified FAP+ CAFs as the predominant stromal population associated with poor clinical outcomes and immunosuppressive features. Mechanistically, FAP+ CAFs secrete high levels of fibronectin 1 (FN1), which engages integrin α5β1 on macrophages to trigger FAK-AKT-STAT3 signaling, driving their polarization toward an immunosuppressive M2-like phenotype. Importantly, pharmacological disruption of FN1-integrin α5β1 signaling using Cilengitide effectively reprogrammed the tumor immune landscape and suppressed tumor growth in mice models. These findings establish FAP+ CAF-derived FN1 as a critical orchestrator of tumor immunosuppression and identify the FN1-integrin α5β1 axis as a promising therapeutic target in breast cancer.