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Background <p>The 40-Hz auditory steady-state response (ASSR) is a potential biomarker for schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar disorder (BD), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the specific differences in ASSR across these disorders remain unclear. Moreover, the neurophysiological characteristics of the stimulation frequency in ASSR have not been fully elucidated. Hence, we conducted meta-analyses to comprehensively analyze 20-Hz, 40-Hz, and 80-Hz ASSR in individuals with SZ, BD, and ASD.</p> Methods <p>We included the studies published until January 2025, identified through a literature search in PubMed and the reference lists of relevant studies. We analyzed 52 studies, including 2116 patients with SZ, 271 individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR-P), 110 first-degree relatives of patients with SZ (FDR-SZ), 294 patients with BD, 117 patients with ASD, and 2758 healthy controls (HC).</p> Results <p>The analyses indicated pronounced reductions in power and inter-trial phase coherence (ITPC) of 40-Hz ASSR in SZ, BD, and power reduction in ASD compared with HC. In addition, reduced power and ITPC were also observed in 40-Hz ASSR in FDR-SZ but not in CHR-P. Power reductions in 80-Hz ASSR were noted in individuals with SZ, while ITPC of 20-Hz ASSR was reduced in the SZ group but not in the BD group.</p> Conclusions <p>These findings indicate that 40-Hz ASSR serves as a potential biomarker for psychotic disorders, whereas deficits at 20 Hz and 80 Hz may be specific to schizophrenia, reflecting distinct neural dysfunctions across diagnostic categories. Further studies are warranted to confirm these results.</p>

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A systematic review and meta-analysis of the auditory steady-state response in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and autism spectrum disorder

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月3日

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  • Megumi Kinjo,
  • Shunsuke Tamura,
  • Shunsuke Sugiyama,
  • Eimi van Weert,
  • Naoya Oribe,
  • Rikako Tsuchimoto,
  • Ryo Mitoma,
  • Yoshifumi Takai,
  • Shiori Honda,
  • Shinichiro Nakajima,
  • Yoji Hirano,
  • Peter J. Uhlhaas,
  • Yoshihiro Noda

摘要

Background

The 40-Hz auditory steady-state response (ASSR) is a potential biomarker for schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar disorder (BD), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the specific differences in ASSR across these disorders remain unclear. Moreover, the neurophysiological characteristics of the stimulation frequency in ASSR have not been fully elucidated. Hence, we conducted meta-analyses to comprehensively analyze 20-Hz, 40-Hz, and 80-Hz ASSR in individuals with SZ, BD, and ASD.

Methods

We included the studies published until January 2025, identified through a literature search in PubMed and the reference lists of relevant studies. We analyzed 52 studies, including 2116 patients with SZ, 271 individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR-P), 110 first-degree relatives of patients with SZ (FDR-SZ), 294 patients with BD, 117 patients with ASD, and 2758 healthy controls (HC).

Results

The analyses indicated pronounced reductions in power and inter-trial phase coherence (ITPC) of 40-Hz ASSR in SZ, BD, and power reduction in ASD compared with HC. In addition, reduced power and ITPC were also observed in 40-Hz ASSR in FDR-SZ but not in CHR-P. Power reductions in 80-Hz ASSR were noted in individuals with SZ, while ITPC of 20-Hz ASSR was reduced in the SZ group but not in the BD group.

Conclusions

These findings indicate that 40-Hz ASSR serves as a potential biomarker for psychotic disorders, whereas deficits at 20 Hz and 80 Hz may be specific to schizophrenia, reflecting distinct neural dysfunctions across diagnostic categories. Further studies are warranted to confirm these results.