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<p>Sub-picometer precision displacement measurement at the tip position is a key goal in high-precision characterization techniques such as piezoresponse force microscopy, photo-induced force microscopy, and scanning Joule expansion microscopy (SJEM). However, these methods require specialized atomic force microscopy (AFM) probes, which increase cost and complexity. This work proposes a generalized strategy and demonstrates its implementation in SJEM. By exploiting the torsional response of a tilted AFM probe to amplify the deformation signal, we enhanced the sensitivity by nearly an order of magnitude, achieving a record-breaking displacement resolution of 0.37 pm. This method allows flexible adjustment of sensitivity and decouples in-plane and out-of-plane displacements. This work establishes a transferable, AFM-based strategy for high-sensitivity displacement detection, providing valuable guidance for high-precision characterization and analysis of materials and devices at the nanoscale.</p><p></p>

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Lateral deflection-based optimization achieves sub-picometer detection limit

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月1日

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  • Qihai Jiang,
  • Baoshi Qiao,
  • Xiaolei Ding,
  • Yang Xu,
  • Huan Hu

摘要

Sub-picometer precision displacement measurement at the tip position is a key goal in high-precision characterization techniques such as piezoresponse force microscopy, photo-induced force microscopy, and scanning Joule expansion microscopy (SJEM). However, these methods require specialized atomic force microscopy (AFM) probes, which increase cost and complexity. This work proposes a generalized strategy and demonstrates its implementation in SJEM. By exploiting the torsional response of a tilted AFM probe to amplify the deformation signal, we enhanced the sensitivity by nearly an order of magnitude, achieving a record-breaking displacement resolution of 0.37 pm. This method allows flexible adjustment of sensitivity and decouples in-plane and out-of-plane displacements. This work establishes a transferable, AFM-based strategy for high-sensitivity displacement detection, providing valuable guidance for high-precision characterization and analysis of materials and devices at the nanoscale.