<p>Bulk Acoustic Wave (BAW) filters find applications in radio frequency (RF) communication systems for Wi-Fi, 3G, 4G, and 5G networks. In the beyond-5G (potential 6G) era, high-frequency bands (&gt;8 GHz) are expected to require resonators with high-quality factor (<i>Q</i>) and electromechanical coupling (<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41378_2024_857_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="17" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({k}_{t}^{2}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msubsup> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) to form filters with low insertion loss and high selectivity. However, both the <i>Q</i> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41378_2024_857_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="17" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({k}_{t}^{2}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msubsup> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> of resonator devices formed in traditional uniform polarization piezoelectric films of aluminum nitride (AlN) and aluminum scandium nitride (AlScN) decrease when scaled beyond 8 GHz. In this work, we utilized 4-layer AlScN periodically poled piezoelectric films (P3F) to construct high-frequency (~17–18 GHz) resonators and filters. The resonator performance is studied over a range of device geometries, with the best resonator achieving a <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41378_2024_857_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="17" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({k}_{t}^{2}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msubsup> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> of 11.8% and a <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41378_2024_857_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="23" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({Q}_{{\rm {p}}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mrow> <mi>Q</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">p</mi> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> of 236.6 at the parallel resonance frequency (<InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41378_2024_857_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="18" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({f}_{{\rm {p}}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">p</mi> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) of 17.9 GHz. These resulting figures-of-merit are (<InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41378_2024_857_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="23" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="97" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({{{\rm {FoM}}}}_{1}={{k}_{t}^{2}Q}_{{\rm {p}}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">FoM</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mrow> <msubsup> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mi>Q</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">p</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41378_2024_857_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="159" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({{{\rm {FoM}}}}_{2}={f}_{{\rm {p}}}{{{\rm {FoM}}}}_{1}{\times }{10}^{-9}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">FoM</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">p</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">FoM</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>×</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mn>10</mn> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mn>9</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) 27.9 and 500, respectively. These and the <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41378_2024_857_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="17" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({k}_{t}^{2}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msubsup> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> are significantly higher than previously reported AlN/AlScN-based resonators operating at similar frequencies. Fabricated 3-element and 6-element filters formed from these resonators demonstrated low insertion losses (IL) of 1.86 and 3.25 dB, and −3 dB bandwidths (BW) of 680 MHz (fractional BW of 3.9%) and 590 MHz (fractional BW of 3.3%) at a ~17.4 GHz center frequency. The 3-element and 6-element filters achieved excellent linearity with in-band input third-order intercept point (IIP3) values of +36 and +40 dBm, respectively, which are significantly higher than previously reported acoustic filters operating at similar frequencies.</p><p></p>

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Periodically poled aluminum scandium nitride bulk acoustic wave resonators and filters for communications in the 6G era

  • Izhar,
  • M. M. A. Fiagbenu,
  • S. Yao,
  • X. Du,
  • P. Musavigharavi,
  • Y. Deng,
  • J. Leathersich,
  • C. Moe,
  • A. Kochhar,
  • E. A. Stach,
  • R. Vetury,
  • R. H. Olsson

摘要

Bulk Acoustic Wave (BAW) filters find applications in radio frequency (RF) communication systems for Wi-Fi, 3G, 4G, and 5G networks. In the beyond-5G (potential 6G) era, high-frequency bands (>8 GHz) are expected to require resonators with high-quality factor (Q) and electromechanical coupling ( \({k}_{t}^{2}\) k t 2 ) to form filters with low insertion loss and high selectivity. However, both the Q and \({k}_{t}^{2}\) k t 2 of resonator devices formed in traditional uniform polarization piezoelectric films of aluminum nitride (AlN) and aluminum scandium nitride (AlScN) decrease when scaled beyond 8 GHz. In this work, we utilized 4-layer AlScN periodically poled piezoelectric films (P3F) to construct high-frequency (~17–18 GHz) resonators and filters. The resonator performance is studied over a range of device geometries, with the best resonator achieving a \({k}_{t}^{2}\) k t 2 of 11.8% and a \({Q}_{{\rm {p}}}\) Q p of 236.6 at the parallel resonance frequency ( \({f}_{{\rm {p}}}\) f p ) of 17.9 GHz. These resulting figures-of-merit are ( \({{{\rm {FoM}}}}_{1}={{k}_{t}^{2}Q}_{{\rm {p}}}\) FoM 1 = k t 2 Q p and \({{{\rm {FoM}}}}_{2}={f}_{{\rm {p}}}{{{\rm {FoM}}}}_{1}{\times }{10}^{-9}\) FoM 2 = f p FoM 1 × 10 9 ) 27.9 and 500, respectively. These and the \({k}_{t}^{2}\) k t 2 are significantly higher than previously reported AlN/AlScN-based resonators operating at similar frequencies. Fabricated 3-element and 6-element filters formed from these resonators demonstrated low insertion losses (IL) of 1.86 and 3.25 dB, and −3 dB bandwidths (BW) of 680 MHz (fractional BW of 3.9%) and 590 MHz (fractional BW of 3.3%) at a ~17.4 GHz center frequency. The 3-element and 6-element filters achieved excellent linearity with in-band input third-order intercept point (IIP3) values of +36 and +40 dBm, respectively, which are significantly higher than previously reported acoustic filters operating at similar frequencies.