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<p>Highly transparent and conductive electrodes operating in the infrared (IR) are critically needed for a broad range of technologies, including light-emitting diodes, lasers and photodetectors, which are key building blocks of infrared cameras, LiDARs, and thermal systems such as IR heaters. While transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) have seen substantial progress in the visible spectrum, their performance in the IR remains limited due to increased absorption and reflection caused by the plasma resonance of free carriers in conductive materials. Here, we demonstrate a large-area TCE based on a metal-integrated monolithic high-contrast grating (metalMHCG) fabricated on a GaAs substrate. This structure acts as an effective antireflection coating, achieving near-unity transmission of unpolarized mid- to far-infrared (M-FIR) light. The metalMHCG exhibits 94% transmission at a wavelength of 7 μm, corresponding to 135% relative to transmission through a flat GaAs–air interface, while maintaining an exceptionally low sheet resistance of 2.8 Ωsq<sup>−1</sup>. By simultaneously delivering excellent optical transparency and electrical conductivity, the metalMHCG establishes a new performance benchmark among M-FIR TCEs and provides a versatile platform for next-generation high-power optoelectronic devices.</p>

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Large-area metal-integrated grating electrode achieving near 100% infrared transmission

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月10日

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  • Karolina Bogdanowicz,
  • Weronika Głowadzka,
  • Tristan Smołka,
  • Michał Rygała,
  • Marcin Kałuża,
  • Marek Ekielski,
  • Oskar Sadowski,
  • Magdalena Zadura,
  • Magdalena Marciniak,
  • Marcin Gębski,
  • Michał Wasiak,
  • Marcin Motyka,
  • Anna Szerling,
  • Tomasz Czyszanowski

摘要

Highly transparent and conductive electrodes operating in the infrared (IR) are critically needed for a broad range of technologies, including light-emitting diodes, lasers and photodetectors, which are key building blocks of infrared cameras, LiDARs, and thermal systems such as IR heaters. While transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) have seen substantial progress in the visible spectrum, their performance in the IR remains limited due to increased absorption and reflection caused by the plasma resonance of free carriers in conductive materials. Here, we demonstrate a large-area TCE based on a metal-integrated monolithic high-contrast grating (metalMHCG) fabricated on a GaAs substrate. This structure acts as an effective antireflection coating, achieving near-unity transmission of unpolarized mid- to far-infrared (M-FIR) light. The metalMHCG exhibits 94% transmission at a wavelength of 7 μm, corresponding to 135% relative to transmission through a flat GaAs–air interface, while maintaining an exceptionally low sheet resistance of 2.8 Ωsq−1. By simultaneously delivering excellent optical transparency and electrical conductivity, the metalMHCG establishes a new performance benchmark among M-FIR TCEs and provides a versatile platform for next-generation high-power optoelectronic devices.